Ca de Bou (Perro de Presa Mallorquin)

The Ca de Bou, meaning “bull dog” in Catalan, also known as the Perro de Presa Mallorquin (Majorcan Catch Dog), is an ancient Molosser-type breed originating from the island of Majorca in the Balearic Islands of Spain. Its history is linked to the maritime trade routes of the Mediterranean, with ancestors likely including Iberian Mastiffs and other powerful dogs brought by various settlers and traders over centuries. These dogs were developed for a variety of demanding tasks, including guarding farms and livestock, and most notably, for bull-baiting, a popular but brutal sport in Spain until it was outlawed in the 19th century. They were also used as catch dogs for holding unruly bulls or other large animals.

The breed’s physique – strong, agile, with powerful jaws and a determined spirit – was perfectly suited for these roles. After bull-baiting was banned, the Ca de Bou’s numbers declined, and they were primarily kept as farm guardians and loyal companions. The breed faced near extinction in the 20th century, but dedicated efforts by Spanish breeders helped to revive and preserve it. The first official breed standard was written in 1931, and the FCI recognized the Ca de Bou in 1964. While still relatively rare outside of Spain, it is valued by enthusiasts for its courage, loyalty, and distinctive appearance.

The Ca de Bou is known for its courageous, confident, and generally calm temperament when with its family. They are deeply loyal and form strong, affectionate bonds with their people, often being particularly patient and gentle with children in their own household. However, their primary instinct is that of a guardian. They are naturally wary and suspicious of strangers and possess a strong protective drive towards their family and territory. This makes them excellent watchdogs and formidable protectors if a threat arises. They are not typically aggressive without cause but are fearless in defense.

This is a powerful and assertive breed that requires a very experienced, confident owner who can provide firm, fair, and consistent leadership. Early and extensive socialization from a very young age is absolutely crucial to ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults who can discern threats appropriately and are manageable in various situations. They can be dominant or assertive towards other dogs, especially unfamiliar ones or those of the same sex, if not properly socialized and managed. Ca de Bou are not recommended for novice or timid dog owners due to their strength, intelligence, and strong protective instincts.

The Ca de Bou has a short, harsh, and close-fitting coat that is very low-maintenance in terms of grooming. Their practical working coat provides good protection without requiring elaborate care.

They are considered light to moderate shedders. A weekly brushing with a rubber curry mitt or a firm bristle brush is usually sufficient to remove loose dead hair, distribute skin oils, and keep their coat looking sleek and healthy. Baths are needed only occasionally, as their coat tends to stay relatively clean. Regular nail trims are important to prevent overgrowth and discomfort. Ear cleaning should be part of their routine, checking for any signs of irritation or infection. Diligent dental care, including regular teeth brushing, is also crucial for their overall health.

Ca de Bou are powerful and athletic dogs that require regular daily exercise to maintain their muscular condition and mental well-being. While not typically hyperactive, they need a consistent outlet for their energy. Aim for at least an hour of activity per day, which should include more than just leisurely walks.

Good exercise options for a Ca de Bou include:

• Brisk daily walks, moderate jogs (once fully mature and conditioned).
• Playtime in a large, very securely fenced yard. They enjoy interactive games with their family.
• Canine sports that challenge their strength and intelligence, such as advanced obedience, weight pulling (with appropriate training and safety), or tracking.
• Activities that give them a sense of purpose or a “job” to do.

Mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, and learning new tasks is also crucial to keep this intelligent breed from becoming bored or frustrated, which can lead to undesirable behaviors. They thrive in active homes with experienced owners who can provide them with both physical activity and clear structure.

The Ca de Bou is generally considered a hardy breed, having been developed for strength and resilience. However, like all large and Molosser-type breeds, they can be susceptible to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A common concern in large, heavy breeds, involving malformation of the hip joint. Elbow dysplasia can also occur. OFA or PennHIP certification is crucial for breeding stock.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV): A life-threatening emergency common in deep-chested breeds. Owners must be aware of the signs and preventative measures.
• Heart Conditions:** While not as prevalent as in some other Mastiff types, cardiac issues can occur. Cardiac screening is advisable for breeding dogs.
• Entropion or Ectropion:** Eyelid abnormalities that can cause irritation.
• Skin Allergies:** Some individuals may be prone to skin sensitivities.