Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has a noble lineage, descending from the toy spaniels that were popular companions to European royalty from the Renaissance through the 19th century. These small spaniels are frequently depicted in paintings by Old Masters like Titian, Van Dyck, and Gainsborough alongside their aristocratic owners. They were particularly favored by King Charles II of England, who was seldom seen without several of his beloved spaniels at his heels, leading to the breed bearing his name.

Over time, with the rise in popularity of shorter-nosed breeds, the original King Charles Spaniel type began to change, developing a flatter face (now known as the English Toy Spaniel in the US, or King Charles Spaniel in the UK). In the 1920s, an American named Roswell Eldridge offered prize money at Crufts dog show for breeders who could revive the “old type” spaniels depicted in the historical paintings – those with a slightly longer muzzle and flatter skull. This spurred a renewed interest, and dedicated breeders worked to re-establish this older type, which became the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel we know today. The American Kennel Club officially recognized the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in 1995.

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is renowned for its exceptionally affectionate, gentle, and sweet-tempered nature. They are true companion dogs who thrive on human interaction and want nothing more than to be with their people, whether snuggled on a lap or accompanying them on outings. Cavaliers are known for their perpetually wagging tails and cheerful disposition, often described as “gay” in the traditional sense of the word (happy and carefree).

They are typically very friendly and sociable, getting along well with children, other dogs, and even cats, especially if socialized from a young age. Their gentle nature makes them excellent therapy dogs. While intelligent and generally eager to please, they can sometimes have a playful, mischievous streak. They are not typically aggressive and are more likely to greet strangers with a wagging tail than a bark of warning, though they will alert their owners to someone approaching. Due to their deep attachment to their families, they can be prone to separation anxiety if left alone for long periods.

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has a beautiful, long, silky coat with characteristic feathering on the ears, legs, chest, feet, and tail. While stunning, this coat requires regular grooming to keep it free from tangles and mats and looking its best. They are considered average shedders.

Brushing several times a week with a soft slicker brush or a pin brush, followed by a comb, is essential, paying particular attention to the feathered areas where mats can easily form, especially behind the ears and in the “armpits.” The coat is generally kept natural and should not be trimmed excessively for show, though pet owners may opt for slight tidying. Baths are needed as necessary to keep the coat clean and lustrous. Their long, pendulous ears must be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent ear infections. Routine nail trims and diligent dental care are also crucial, as toy breeds can be prone to dental issues.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels have moderate exercise needs. They are adaptable dogs that can enjoy being playful lapdogs but also appreciate regular activity to stay healthy and happy. Daily walks, coupled with some playtime, are usually sufficient for this breed. They are not high-strung athletes but enjoy exploring and being with their people.

Good exercise options include:

• One or two moderate daily walks on a leash.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard or indoors with favorite toys. They often enjoy a gentle game of fetch.
• Participating in canine sports like agility (on a smaller scale), rally, or obedience, as they are intelligent and enjoy pleasing their owners.

While they are small, they still benefit from regular outings and mental stimulation. Because they are so people-oriented, exercise sessions that involve their owner are particularly enjoyed. Due to their spaniel heritage, they may have some interest in chasing birds or squirrels, so off-leash activity should be in a safe, enclosed area.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are unfortunately prone to a number of serious genetic health conditions, and responsible breeding practices are crucial. Prospective owners should be well-informed and choose breeders who conduct thorough health screenings. Potential health concerns include:

• Mitral Valve Disease (MVD): A very common and serious heart condition in Cavaliers, often leading to congestive heart failure. Regular cardiac screening by a veterinary cardiologist is essential.
• Syringomyelia (SM): A neurological condition affecting the spinal cord, causing pain and discomfort. MRI screening is used for diagnosis.
• Hip Dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap.
• Eye Conditions: Including cataracts, dry eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca), and retinal dysplasia.
• Ear Infections:** Common due to their long, pendulous ears.
• Dental Problems:** Prone to early dental disease.