Collie

The Collie, in both its Rough and Smooth varieties, is an ancient breed with origins in the Scottish Highlands and Northern England. For centuries, these intelligent and agile dogs were indispensable to shepherds, bred for their ability to herd and guard flocks of sheep in challenging terrain and harsh weather conditions. The name “Collie” is thought to derive from “colley,” the Anglo-Saxon word for black, referring to the black-faced sheep they often tended, or possibly from “coaly,” referring to the black color of early Collies.

While valued as working dogs, their beauty and intelligence also caught the eye of Queen Victoria in the 19th century. Her fondness for the breed greatly increased their popularity as companions and show dogs. The Rough Collie, with its magnificent long coat, became particularly famous, further immortalized in literature and film by Eric Knight’s character “Lassie.” The Smooth Collie, identical in every way except for its short, dense coat, has always been less common but equally capable. The Collie Club of America was founded in 1886, making it one of the oldest specialty breed clubs in the AKC, where the Collie was recognized in 1885.

Collies are renowned for their exceptional intelligence, gentle disposition, and unwavering loyalty to their families. They are typically very affectionate and form strong bonds with their people, thriving on companionship and wanting to be involved in all aspects of family life. Collies are known for being particularly good with children, often displaying a patient and protective nature. They are generally friendly and sociable with other dogs and pets, especially if well-socialized from a young age.

Their high intelligence makes them quick learners, but they are also a sensitive breed. They respond best to positive reinforcement and gentle, consistent training methods; harsh corrections can damage their confidence and willingness to cooperate. Collies are alert and can be good watchdogs, often barking to announce visitors or anything unusual, but they are not typically aggressive. They possess a graceful and dignified demeanor, combined with a playful spirit that they often retain throughout their lives.

Grooming needs for a Collie depend significantly on whether it is the Rough or Smooth variety:

• Rough Collie: Their long, abundant double coat is beautiful but requires significant grooming to prevent matting and manage shedding. Thorough brushing down to the skin several times a week with a pin brush, slicker brush, and comb is essential, paying particular attention to the mane, frill, and feathering. They are heavy shedders, especially during seasonal coat blows.
• Smooth Collie: Their short, dense double coat is much lower maintenance. A weekly brushing with a rubber curry mitt or bristle brush is usually sufficient to remove loose hair and keep the coat healthy. They also shed, particularly seasonally, but it’s more manageable than the Rough variety.

Both varieties require regular nail trims, ear cleaning (especially for Rough Collies whose ear hair can trap debris), and diligent dental care. Despite the grooming commitment for the Rough Collie, many owners find it a rewarding part of bonding with their dog.

Collies are active and intelligent dogs that require moderate daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. They were bred for herding and have good stamina, enjoying activities that engage both their bodies and their keen minds. Aim for at least an hour of activity per day, which can be a combination of walks and more vigorous play.

Good exercise options for a Collie include:

• Daily brisk walks, jogging (once fully mature), or hiking.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard, involving games like fetch or frisbee.
• Canine sports: Collies excel in herding trials, agility, obedience, rally, and even tracking.
• Interactive puzzle toys and learning new tricks to provide mental challenges.

Without sufficient exercise and mental engagement, Collies can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as excessive barking or destructiveness. They thrive when they have a purpose and can participate in activities with their beloved family.

Collies are generally a healthy breed, but like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA): An inherited eye condition affecting the development of the choroid. DNA testing is available and crucial for breeding stock. Most affected dogs have normal vision, but severe cases can lead to blindness.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Another inherited eye condition leading to blindness. DNA testing is available.
• MDR1 Gene Mutation (Multi-Drug Resistance): This genetic mutation makes affected dogs sensitive to certain common drugs, including some parasite preventatives (like ivermectin at high doses) and anesthetics. DNA testing is available.
• Hip Dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint.
• Dermatomyositis (DMS): An inherited autoimmune disease affecting the skin and muscles, primarily in young Collies.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV): A risk for deep-chested breeds.
• Canine Cyclic Neutropenia (Grey Collie Syndrome):** A rare, serious immune deficiency, usually lethal in puppyhood. DNA testing is available.