English Toy Spaniel

The English Toy Spaniel, known as the King Charles Spaniel in the United Kingdom, shares its early ancestry with other toy spaniels favored by European royalty for centuries. These small, affectionate dogs were popular companions, particularly in England during the reigns of Tudor and Stuart monarchs. King Charles II was famously devoted to his toy spaniels, and it was said he rarely went anywhere without several at his side, even decreeing that they should be allowed in any public place, including Parliament!

Over the 18th and 19th centuries, as Asian toy breeds like the Pug and Japanese Chin became fashionable in Europe, the English toy spaniels were crossed with these breeds. This led to changes in their appearance, notably a shorter muzzle, more domed skull, and larger, more prominent eyes, evolving into the type we recognize today as the English Toy Spaniel (or King Charles Spaniel in the UK). The longer-muzzled type favored by King Charles II was later revived and became known as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. The English Toy Spaniel was among the earliest breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1886, cherished for its history and gentle companionship.

The English Toy Spaniel is the epitome of a gentle, affectionate, and loving companion dog. They are typically calm and quiet in the home, content to be a cherished lapdog and spend quality time with their families. They thrive on human companionship and form strong bonds with their people, often being very devoted. While they are playful, their playfulness is usually more subdued and less boisterous than some other toy breeds.

English Toy Spaniels are generally good-natured and can get along well with older, respectful children and other pets, especially if socialized from a young age. They can be somewhat reserved or shy with strangers initially but are not typically aggressive. They are intelligent and sensitive dogs that respond best to positive reinforcement and gentle handling. Due to their strong attachment to their families, they do not do well if left alone for extended periods and can suffer from separation anxiety.

The English Toy Spaniel has a long, silky, straight or slightly wavy coat with abundant feathering on the ears, legs, chest, and feet. This beautiful coat requires regular grooming to keep it free from tangles and mats and looking its best. They are considered average shedders.

Brushing several times a week with a soft slicker brush or pin brush, followed by a comb, is essential, paying particular attention to the feathered areas where mats can easily form, especially behind the ears and in the “armpits.” The coat is generally kept natural and should not be trimmed excessively. Baths should be given as needed, using a quality dog shampoo. Their long, pendulous ears must be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent ear infections, as they can trap moisture. Routine nail trims and diligent dental care are also crucial, as toy breeds are often prone to dental issues. The area around their eyes may also need gentle wiping to prevent tear staining.

English Toy Spaniels have low to moderate exercise needs. They are not high-energy athletes but do enjoy daily activity to keep them healthy and happy. Short daily walks and regular indoor or outdoor playtime are usually sufficient for this breed. They enjoy being with their people, so activities that involve their owner are particularly appreciated.

Good exercise options include:

• One or two short, leisurely walks on a leash each day.
• Indoor playtime with favorite toys. They often enjoy gentle games of fetch or playing with soft toys.
• A securely fenced yard can provide a safe space for them to explore and play at their own pace.

It’s important to remember that they are a brachycephalic (shorter-muzzled) breed, so care must be taken not to over-exercise them in hot or humid weather, as they can be prone to overheating and breathing difficulties. They are well-suited to apartment living due to their small size and relatively calm indoor demeanor.

English Toy Spaniels, like many toy breeds and those with brachycephalic features, can be prone to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Mitral Valve Disease (MVD): A very common and serious heart condition in this breed (similar to Cavaliers), often leading to congestive heart failure. Regular cardiac screening is essential.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in toy breeds.
• Eye Problems: Including cataracts, distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes), dry eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca), and corneal ulcers due to their large, prominent eyes.
• Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): Due to their short muzzles, some can experience breathing difficulties.
• Syringomyelia (SM): A neurological condition affecting the spinal cord, also seen in Cavaliers. MRI screening is used.
• Dental Issues: Common in toy breeds due to small mouths and potential for overcrowding.
• Hydrocephalus:** Fluid on the brain, a rare but serious condition.
• Open Fontanel:** A soft spot on the skull that may not fully close.