Finnish Lapphund

The Finnish Lapphund is an ancient Spitz-type breed with a history that stretches back centuries, deeply intertwined with the semi-nomadic Sámi people of Lapland – the northernmost region of Finland, Sweden, Norway, and parts of Russia. For generations, these hardy and versatile dogs were essential to the Sámi way of life, primarily used for herding and guarding domesticated reindeer. Their thick, weather-resistant coats protected them from the harsh Arctic conditions, and their intelligence and agility made them adept at managing reindeer herds over vast, challenging terrains.

Originally, there were various types of Lapponian herding dogs. As traditional reindeer herding practices evolved with the advent of snowmobiles, the need for these dogs changed, and their numbers began to decline. In the mid-20th century, dedicated breeders in Finland worked to preserve and standardize the breed, focusing on the type best suited as both a working dog and a companion. The Finnish Lapphund was first recognized by the Finnish Kennel Club in 1945. While still used for herding in some areas, they have gained popularity worldwide as intelligent, affectionate, and adaptable family companions. The American Kennel Club recognized the Finnish Lapphund in 2011.

The Finnish Lapphund is known for its intelligent, friendly, and generally calm temperament. They are typically very sociable dogs, forming strong bonds with their families and often displaying a gentle and affectionate nature. Lappies are courageous and alert, making them good watchdogs that will bark to announce visitors or unusual sounds, but they are not typically aggressive. They are known for their “soft” expression and their eagerness to please their owners, which aids in training.

While intelligent and capable of learning quickly, they can also possess a Spitz-like independence and a playful, sometimes mischievous streak. Early and consistent socialization is important to ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults, comfortable around various people, sights, and other animals. They are generally good with children and can get along well with other dogs and pets if properly introduced and socialized. Lappies thrive on human companionship and do not do well if left alone for extended periods without mental stimulation and interaction.

The Finnish Lapphund has a profuse and weather-resistant double coat. The outer coat is long, straight, and somewhat harsh, while the undercoat is soft, thick, and very dense, providing excellent insulation against cold weather. They sport a distinctive mane or ruff, especially prominent on males.

This luxurious coat requires regular grooming to keep it healthy, free from mats, and to manage shedding. Lappies are significant shedders, especially during their seasonal “coat blows” (typically twice a year), when they lose their undercoat in large clumps. During these periods, daily brushing with an undercoat rake, pin brush, and slicker brush is essential. For the rest of the year, thorough brushing two to three times a week should suffice. Baths are needed only occasionally, as their coat is somewhat dirt-repellent. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning (as their ears can trap some debris), and dental care are also important components of their grooming routine.

Finnish Lapphunds are active and agile dogs that require moderate to high levels of daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. They were bred for endurance and activity in cold climates and retain a good deal of energy. Aim for at least an hour of activity per day, which should include more than just leisurely walks.

Good exercise options for a Finnish Lapphund include:

• Daily brisk walks, jogging (once fully mature), or hiking. They particularly enjoy exploring in cooler weather.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy romping, especially in snow if available.
• Canine sports: Lappies excel in activities like herding trials (they retain strong instincts), agility, obedience, rally, and even carting or skijoring.
• Interactive puzzle toys and learning new tricks to keep their intelligent minds engaged.

They thrive in cooler climates and can be sensitive to overheating in hot, humid weather due to their thick coats. Exercise should be adjusted accordingly during warm periods, ensuring they have access to shade and fresh water.

The Finnish Lapphund is generally considered a healthy and robust breed, with a relatively long lifespan for its size. However, like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): An inherited eye condition that can lead to blindness. DNA testing is available and crucial for breeding stock (specifically prcd-PRA and IFT122-PRA).
• Hip Dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint, common in many medium-sized breeds. Elbow dysplasia can also occur.
• Cataracts: Can occur, sometimes juvenile. Eye certification is important for breeding stock.
• Pompe’s Disease (Glycogen Storage Disease Type II – GSD II): A rare but serious metabolic disorder. DNA testing is available.
• Degenerative Myelopathy (DM):** A progressive disease of the spinal cord. DNA testing is available.