Scottish Terrier

The Scottish Terrier, affectionately known as the “Scottie,” is one of the oldest terrier breeds originating from the rugged Scottish Highlands. Their history dates back several centuries, where they were bred as tenacious hunters of vermin such as foxes, badgers, otters, and rats that plagued farms and estates. These small but incredibly brave dogs were valued for their ability to “go to ground,” meaning they would fearlessly follow their quarry into underground dens. For a long time, various Highland terriers were grouped together, but the Scottie developed as a distinct type in regions like Perthshire and the Blackmount area of Argyll.

The breed was refined in the 19th century, with Captain Gordon Murray and S.E. Shirley (founder of The Kennel Club UK) being key figures in establishing the modern Scottie type. They were first exhibited in England in the 1860s, initially under names like “Hard-Haired Scotch Terrier” or “Aberdeen Terrier” (after Aberdeen, Scotland, where they were popular). The Scottish Terrier Club of England was formed in 1881, and the breed standard was written. Their plucky, independent spirit earned them the nickname “the Diehard.” The American Kennel Club recognized the Scottish Terrier in 1885. Scotties gained immense popularity, famously owned by figures like President Franklin D. Roosevelt (his Scottie, Fala, was a beloved White House resident).

The Scottish Terrier possesses a classic terrier temperament: they are confident, spirited, independent, and courageous, often displaying a “big dog in a small body” attitude. Scotties are intelligent and alert, always aware of their surroundings, which makes them excellent watchdogs. They are deeply loyal and devoted to their families but are not typically overly demonstrative or effusive with their affection; their love is often shown in a more reserved, dignified manner. They can be quite playful and possess a good sense of humor, often entertaining their owners with their antics.

True to their terrier heritage, Scotties can be stubborn, strong-willed, and may not always be instantly obedient if they don’t see a good reason for a command. They have a strong prey drive and an instinct to dig and chase. Early and consistent socialization is crucial to ensure they are well-mannered, especially around other dogs, as they can be feisty or assertive if not properly introduced. While they are loyal to their family, they are often reserved or aloof with strangers. They require an owner who appreciates their independent spirit and can provide firm, fair, and patient leadership.

The Scottish Terrier has a distinctive double coat: a hard, wiry, weather-resistant outer coat and a soft, dense undercoat. This coat provides excellent protection from harsh weather and underbrush. Their most recognizable features include their keen, piercing eyes peeking out from under shaggy eyebrows, and their characteristic beard and mustache.

Grooming a Scottie requires regular effort to maintain its characteristic appearance and coat texture. They are considered low-shedding dogs. Weekly brushing with a slicker brush or pin brush, along with a comb, will help prevent tangles and remove loose dead hair. To maintain the correct harsh, wiry texture for show dogs, the coat is typically hand-stripped (plucking dead outer hairs) several times a year. Many pet Scottie owners opt for professional clipping every 6-8 weeks for easier maintenance, though clipping will soften the coat’s texture over time. Their beard needs regular cleaning to prevent food debris buildup. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care are also essential.

Scottish Terriers are active and alert dogs that require moderate daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. Despite their short legs, they are sturdy and enjoy activity. They are not high-strung endurance athletes but need regular outlets for their energy.

Aim for one or two daily walks, along with opportunities for playtime. Good exercise options include:

• Brisk daily walks on a leash. They enjoy exploring their neighborhood and sniffing.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. Scotties have a strong prey drive and an instinct to dig, so the yard must be very secure.
• Interactive games like fetch with a sturdy toy or puzzle toys to engage their intelligent minds.
• Some Scotties enjoy and can participate in canine sports like Earthdog trials (which cater to their natural instincts) or agility on a smaller scale.

Without sufficient exercise and mental stimulation, Scotties can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as excessive digging, barking, or destructiveness.

Scottish Terriers are generally a hardy breed, but like all purebred dogs, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Scottie Cramp: A breed-specific condition causing cramping, arching of the back, and difficulty walking during excitement or exercise. It is not painful and typically resolves on its own.
• Von Willebrand’s Disease (vWD): An inherited bleeding disorder. DNA testing is available.
• Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO) or “Lion Jaw”:** A painful bone disease affecting the jaw and skull of growing puppies.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap.
• Bladder Cancer (Transitional Cell Carcinoma – TCC):** Scotties have a higher predisposition to this type of cancer.
• Cushing’s Disease (Hyperadrenocorticism):** A hormonal disorder.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA):** An eye condition leading to blindness.