Pharaoh Hound

The Pharaoh Hound is one of the oldest known domesticated dog breeds, with a history that stretches back at least 5,000 years. Depictions of dogs strikingly similar to the modern Pharaoh Hound have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs and artifacts, leading to its association with the pharaohs of Egypt. It is believed that Phoenician traders brought these sighthounds from Egypt to the island of Malta (and possibly other Mediterranean islands like Gozo) thousands of years ago. On Malta, the breed remained relatively isolated, which helped to preserve its ancient type for centuries.

For over 2,000 years in Malta, the Pharaoh Hound was selectively bred by local hunters for its exceptional ability to hunt rabbits and other small game in the island’s rocky, challenging terrain. They hunt by sight, scent, and even hearing. The breed is known locally as “Kelb tal-Fenek,” meaning “rabbit dog.” Pharaoh Hounds were first imported to England in the 1920s and 1930s, and later to the United States in the 1960s. The American Kennel Club recognized the Pharaoh Hound in 1983. They remain a relatively rare breed, cherished for their ancient lineage, unique appearance, and graceful athleticism.

The Pharaoh Hound possesses a delightful temperament that combines intelligence, playfulness, and deep affection for its family, with a sighthound’s typical independence. They are generally gentle, happy dogs that form strong bonds with their people and enjoy being involved in household activities. Pharaoh Hounds are known for their unique “blush”—when they are happy, excited, or embarrassed, their nose and ears can turn a rosy pink color, a truly endearing trait.

While affectionate with their family, they can be somewhat reserved or aloof with strangers, though not typically aggressive. Early socialization is important to build their confidence. They are intelligent and learn quickly but can also be independent thinkers and may not always be instantly obedient if they don’t see a good reason for a command. Pharaoh Hounds have a strong prey drive, a remnant of their hunting heritage, and will instinctively chase small, fast-moving animals. They are generally good with other dogs, especially if raised with them, but caution is advised around very small pets. They are alert and will bark to announce visitors.

The Pharaoh Hound has a short, glossy coat that is fine to slightly harsh in texture. This type of coat is exceptionally easy to maintain and requires minimal grooming. They are considered very light shedders and have little to no “doggy” odor, making them a good choice for fastidious owners.

A weekly rubdown with a rubber curry mitt, a hound glove, or a soft cloth is usually all that’s needed to remove any loose dead hair and keep their sleek coat looking its best. This also helps to distribute skin oils. Baths are needed only very occasionally, as their coat naturally repels dirt. Regular nail trims are important, as are ear checks (their large, erect ears generally stay clean but should be checked) and diligent dental care, as with all breeds.

Pharaoh Hounds are athletic and agile sighthounds that require regular daily exercise, including crucial opportunities to run freely at full speed in a large, **very securely fenced area**. They were bred for endurance and swift pursuit over challenging terrain. While they can be calm and relaxed indoors, they need a consistent outlet for their considerable energy.

Aim for at least one good run per day, in addition to daily walks on a leash. Excellent exercise options include:

• Off-leash running in a safe, expansive, and extremely securely enclosed space. Their powerful prey drive, speed, and incredible jumping ability mean they are supreme escape artists and should **never** be trusted off-leash in an unsecured environment.
• Lure coursing, which is an ideal activity that caters to their natural sighthound instincts.
• Brisk daily walks or light jogs with their owner (once fully mature).
• Hiking in varied terrain, where they can use their agility.
• Interactive play sessions that engage their minds.

Without sufficient exercise, Pharaoh Hounds can become bored, restless, and may develop undesirable behaviors. They are best suited to active individuals or families who can provide them with the space and opportunity to engage in their natural love of running.

The Pharaoh Hound is generally considered a very hardy and healthy breed, having developed through natural selection in its native Malta with a relatively closed gene pool for centuries. They tend to have fewer widespread genetic problems compared to many other purebreds. However, like all dogs, they can be susceptible to certain conditions. Potential concerns, though not highly prevalent, might include:

• Sensitivity to Anesthesia and Certain Drugs: Like many sighthounds, Pharaoh Hounds can be particularly sensitive to barbiturates and some other anesthetic drugs. It is crucial that veterinarians are aware of this and use sighthound-safe protocols.
• Allergies:** Skin or food allergies can occasionally occur.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.
• Minor Injuries:** Due to their speed and love for running, they can be prone to cuts, scrapes, or muscle strains if exercising in rough terrain.
• Dental Issues:** Regular dental care is important.