Chinese Imperial Dog
Your Complete Guide to the Chinese Imperial Dog
Chinese Imperial Dog History: A Tiny Treasure of the Forbidden City
The history of the Chinese Imperial Dog is intrinsically linked with that of other revered toy breeds from Imperial China, most notably the Shih Tzu and Pekingese. For centuries, small, lion-maned dogs were treasured companions within the Chinese Imperial Palace, particularly during the Ming and Manchu Dynasties. These dogs were selectively bred for their diminutive size, luxurious coats, and charming personalities, serving as cherished lapdogs and symbols of royalty and good fortune. It’s believed that the smallest of these imperial dogs were sometimes carried in the voluminous sleeves of royal robes, earning them the moniker “sleeve dogs.”
The term “Chinese Imperial Dog” often refers to what proponents believe is an ancient, distinct, and consistently smaller type of these imperial lapdogs, often under 9 pounds, as opposed to the slightly larger standard for the Shih Tzu. While major kennel clubs like the AKC and FCI do not recognize the Chinese Imperial Dog as a separate breed (often classifying them as small Shih Tzus if they meet that standard), dedicated breed clubs and enthusiasts work to preserve and promote what they consider to be this unique, historically smaller imperial type. The debate often centers on whether it’s a distinct ancient breed or a size variation selectively bred from Shih Tzu lines.
Chinese Imperial Dog Temperament: Affectionate, Playful, and Royally Charming
The Chinese Imperial Dog, much like its close relative the Shih Tzu, is typically characterized by an affectionate, playful, and charming temperament. They are bred primarily as companion dogs and thrive on human interaction, forming strong bonds with their families. These little dogs are often outgoing and friendly, enjoying being the center of attention and delighting their owners with their often comical and engaging antics. They are intelligent and can be quite alert, making them good little watchdogs that will announce visitors with a bark.
While generally eager to please those they love, they can also possess a touch of toy breed independence or stubbornness. They are sensitive dogs and respond best to positive reinforcement and gentle training methods. Chinese Imperial Dogs are typically good with children who are taught to handle them gently and respectfully, and they can get along well with other pets if properly socialized from a young age. Their primary desire is to be a cherished member of the family, offering and receiving affection.
Grooming Your Chinese Imperial Dog: Maintaining the Luxurious Flowing Coat
The Chinese Imperial Dog boasts a long, dense, flowing double coat (if consistent with Shih Tzu type standards, which is often the case) that is luxurious to the touch. This beautiful coat requires significant and dedicated daily grooming to prevent tangles and mats from forming, which can happen very quickly and cause discomfort.
Daily brushing and combing down to the skin are essential. A good quality pin brush, slicker brush, and a sturdy metal comb are necessary tools. Pay particular attention to areas prone to matting, such as behind the ears, under the legs, the belly, and the tail. They are considered low to moderate shedders, but the shed hair gets caught in the long coat. Many pet owners opt for a shorter “puppy cut” or other pet trims for easier maintenance, which will still require regular brushing and professional grooming every 4-8 weeks. The hair on top of their head (the topknot) is often tied up with a bow or clip to keep it out of their eyes. Their eyes also need regular cleaning to prevent tear staining. Routine nail trims, ear cleaning, and diligent dental care are also crucial, as toy breeds are often prone to dental problems.
Chinese Imperial Dog Exercise: Playful Energy for a Small Companion
Chinese Imperial Dogs have low to moderate exercise needs, typical of many toy breeds. They are playful and enjoy activity but do not require extensive, strenuous workouts. Short daily walks and regular indoor or outdoor play sessions are usually sufficient to keep them happy, healthy, and mentally stimulated.
Good exercise options include:
- One or two short, leisurely walks on a leash each day.
- Indoor playtime with favorite toys. They often enjoy gentle games of fetch or playing with soft toys.
- A securely fenced yard can provide a safe space for them to explore and play at their own pace.
They are adaptable and well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and manageable exercise requirements. It’s important to remember that some lines may have brachycephalic (shorter-muzzled) features, so care should be taken not to over-exercise them in hot or humid weather.
Common Chinese Imperial Dog Health Issues
Chinese Imperial Dogs, especially if considered a very small variant of or closely related to the Shih Tzu, can be prone to health conditions common in toy breeds and those with brachycephalic (short-faced) characteristics. Responsible breeding practices are key. Potential health concerns include:
- Brachycephalic Issues (if applicable): Some may experience breathing difficulties, snoring, and sensitivity to heat.
- Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in toy breeds.
- Eye Problems: Including cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes), corneal ulcers, and dry eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca) due to prominent eyes.
- Dental Issues: Very common in toy breeds due to small mouths and potential for overcrowding, leading to tartar buildup and gum disease. Diligent dental hygiene is crucial.
- Allergies:** Skin or food allergies can occur.
- Portosystemic Shunt (Liver Shunt):** A congenital blood vessel abnormality.
- Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.
Choosing a reputable breeder who performs relevant health screenings on their breeding dogs and is transparent about health is very important. Regular veterinary care, diligent dental hygiene, careful grooming to monitor skin, and management in warm weather are vital for their health.
Training Your Chinese Imperial Dog: Engaging a Clever and Charming Toy
Training a Chinese Imperial Dog can be an enjoyable experience as they are intelligent and generally willing to please, especially when positive and engaging methods are used. However, like many toy breeds, they can also possess a stubborn or independent streak if they are not properly motivated or if training is inconsistent.
Key aspects of training a Chinese Imperial Dog include:
- Early Socialization: Expose your puppy to a wide variety of people, sights, and sounds from a young age in a positive way to build a confident and well-adjusted adult.
- Positive Reinforcement: They thrive on praise, treats, and gentle affection as rewards. Keep training sessions short, fun, and upbeat to hold their attention. Harsh methods will be counterproductive.
- Patience and Consistency: House training can sometimes be challenging for toy breeds; consistency, a regular potty schedule, and positive reinforcement are key. Crate training can be a helpful aid.
- Basic Obedience: Teach commands like sit, stay, come, and down. Good leash manners are also important.
- Avoid “Small Dog Syndrome”:** It’s important not to let their tiny size lead to a lack of training or allowing undesirable behaviors.
Puppy socialization classes specifically for small breeds can be very beneficial. Their primary role is companionship, and training should focus on building a positive and well-mannered relationship.
Chinese Imperial Dog FAQs
Q: Is the Chinese Imperial Dog a separate breed from the Shih Tzu?
A: This is a point of ongoing debate. Major kennel clubs like the AKC and FCI do not recognize the Chinese Imperial Dog as a separate breed; very small Shih Tzus are simply considered small Shih Tzus. However, some breed enthusiasts and smaller registries maintain that the “Imperial” is a distinct, historically smaller type deserving separate recognition.
Q: Are Chinese Imperial Dogs good for apartment living?
A: Yes, due to their very small size and moderate exercise needs, they are generally well-suited for apartment living, provided they receive daily walks and sufficient playtime and companionship.
Q: How much grooming do Chinese Imperial Dogs require?
A: If they have the long, flowing coat typical of Shih Tzus, they require significant daily grooming to prevent matting. Many pet owners opt for a shorter “puppy cut” for easier care.
Q: What is a “sleeve dog”?
A: Historically, very small dogs like the ancestors of the Pekingese and possibly the Chinese Imperial Dog were sometimes carried in the voluminous sleeves of the robes worn by Chinese royalty and nobility, earning them the nickname “sleeve dogs.”