English Shepherd

The English Shepherd, despite its name, is a distinctly American breed developed from various types of working collies and shepherd dogs brought to the New World by early English and Scottish settlers in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. These dogs were not bred for a specific appearance but for their intelligence, versatility, and ability to perform a multitude of tasks on farms and homesteads. They were true all-around utility dogs, essential for the survival and success of pioneering families.

Their duties included herding and driving livestock (sheep, cattle, poultry), guarding the farm and family from predators and intruders, hunting vermin, and providing loyal companionship. They adapted to the diverse American landscape and climate, becoming valued for their hardiness and problem-solving skills. For many years, they were simply known as “farm shepherds” or “farm collies.” The name “English Shepherd” was adopted to reflect their ancestral roots. While their numbers declined with the modernization of farming, dedicated breed enthusiasts have worked to preserve this intelligent and adaptable American original. The United Kennel Club (UKC) recognized the English Shepherd in 1927, and it is part of the AKC’s Foundation Stock Service (FSS).

The English Shepherd is renowned for its high intelligence, unwavering loyalty, and adaptable temperament. They are typically very devoted to their families, forming strong bonds and often being particularly good and patient with children they are raised with. These dogs thrive on companionship and want to be an integral part of family life, often following their owners from room to room. They possess a strong work ethic and are happiest when they have a job to do, whether it’s actual farm work or participating in canine sports.

English Shepherds are alert and observant, making them excellent watchdogs that will readily bark to announce visitors or anything out of the ordinary. While generally friendly with their family, they can be reserved or wary of strangers, a trait that underscores the need for early and thorough socialization. They are intelligent and learn quickly but can also have an independent streak, a remnant of their need to make decisions while working. With proper training and socialization, they are confident, well-mannered, and highly capable companions.

The English Shepherd has a medium-length double coat that is weather-resistant and designed for functionality. The outer coat can be straight, wavy, or even curly, and is typically somewhat coarse, while the undercoat is soft and dense, providing insulation. They have feathering on the legs, tail, and sometimes a ruff around the neck.

Grooming needs are moderate. They are average shedders, with heavier shedding periods seasonally. A thorough brushing once or twice a week with a pin brush, slicker brush, and an undercoat rake (during shedding season) will help remove loose dead hair, prevent tangles and mats (especially in the feathered areas), and keep the coat healthy. Baths should be given as needed. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning (checking their drop or semi-prick ears for cleanliness), and dental care are also important components of their grooming routine.

English Shepherds are energetic and athletic dogs that require a good amount of daily exercise and, equally importantly, mental stimulation to thrive. They were bred for active farm work and possess considerable stamina and intelligence that needs an outlet. They are not suited for a consistently sedentary lifestyle.

Aim for at least an hour or more of activity per day, which should include more than just leisurely leash walks. Good exercise options for an English Shepherd include:

• Long, brisk walks, jogging, running, or hiking with their owner.
• Off-leash play in a large, securely fenced area. They enjoy games like fetch, frisbee, or herding balls.
• Canine sports: Their intelligence and agility make them excel in herding trials, agility, obedience, rally, flyball, or tracking.
• Interactive puzzle toys and learning new tricks to keep their sharp minds engaged.

Without a consistent and sufficient outlet for their physical and mental energy, English Shepherds can become bored, frustrated, and may develop undesirable behaviors such as destructiveness or excessive barking. They are happiest when they have a “job” to do and are actively involved with their owners.

The English Shepherd is generally considered a hardy and healthy breed, having been developed for working ability and resilience with a historically diverse gene pool. However, like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A common concern in many medium to large active breeds, involving malformation of the hip joint. Elbow dysplasia can also occur.
• MDR1 Gene Mutation (Multi-Drug Resistance): This genetic mutation, common in collie-type breeds, makes affected dogs sensitive to certain common drugs, including some parasite preventatives (like ivermectin at high doses) and anesthetics. DNA testing is available and crucial.
• Eye Conditions: Including Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), though generally less prevalent than in some other collie breeds. Eye certification is important for breeding stock.
• Allergies:** Skin or food allergies can occasionally occur.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.