German Spitz

The German Spitz is one of the oldest dog types in Central Europe, with a lineage tracing back thousands of years to Stone Age peat dogs and later lake-dweller Spitz types. These dogs are descendants of the Nordic herding and sled dogs that accompanied migrating tribes. For centuries, Spitz-type dogs were common throughout Germany and neighboring countries, serving as versatile farm dogs, vigilant watchdogs, and loyal companions. Their primary role was often to alert their families to any approaching strangers or unusual activity with their sharp, loud bark.

Over time, different size varieties of the German Spitz developed, each suited to slightly different roles or regional preferences. These include the Wolfspitz (often considered the Keeshond outside of Germany), the Grossspitz (Giant Spitz), Mittelspitz (Medium Spitz), Kleinspitz (Miniature Spitz), and Zwergspitz (Dwarf Spitz, which is the Pomeranian). They were valued for their intelligence, hardiness, devotion, and distinctive appearance with their profuse coats, foxy faces, and curled tails. While some, like the Pomeranian and Keeshond, became popular and recognized as separate breeds in many countries, the other German Spitz varieties remain cherished, though sometimes less common, particularly outside of Europe. The FCI groups all five sizes under the “German Spitz” banner, while other kennel clubs may recognize them individually.

The German Spitz is known for its lively, alert, and intelligent temperament. They are typically very devoted to their families, forming strong bonds and thriving on human companionship. These dogs are cheerful, playful, and possess a keen awareness of their surroundings, making them excellent watchdogs. Their instinct is to bark to announce anything they deem noteworthy, a trait that was highly valued in their historical role. They are not typically aggressive but can be wary or reserved with strangers until they get to know them.

German Spitz are intelligent and learn quickly, but they can also have a somewhat independent or mischievous streak common in Spitz breeds. They are generally good with children if raised with them and if children are taught to be respectful. They can also get along with other dogs and pets with proper socialization, though their alertness might lead them to chase smaller animals if not trained. They are sensitive dogs that respond best to positive reinforcement and consistent, fair training. Their primary desire is to be an active and involved member of their family.

The German Spitz has a magnificent and profuse double coat. The outer coat is long, straight, and harsh, standing off from the body, while the undercoat is short, thick, and soft, often described as cottony. This impressive coat forms a distinct ruff or mane around the neck and a heavily plumed tail curled over the back.

This thick double coat requires regular and thorough grooming to prevent matting and manage shedding. German Spitz are significant shedders, especially during their seasonal “coat blows” (typically twice a year). Thorough brushing two to three times a week with a pin brush, slicker brush, and an undercoat rake is essential to remove loose dead hair and prevent tangles from forming into painful mats. Daily brushing will be necessary during heavy shedding periods. Their coat is naturally somewhat dirt-repellent, so baths are needed only occasionally. It’s crucial to ensure the dense coat is rinsed thoroughly and dried completely to prevent skin issues. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning (their small, erect ears generally stay clean but should be checked), and dental care are also important.

German Spitz are active and lively dogs that require moderate daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. While their exact needs can vary slightly by size (from Toy/Klein to Giant/Gross), all varieties enjoy activity and engagement with their owners. They are not typically high-strung endurance athletes but are not couch potatoes either.

Aim for one or two daily walks, along with opportunities for playtime. Good exercise options include:

• Brisk daily walks on a leash. They enjoy exploring their surroundings.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy games like fetch or chasing toys.
• Interactive puzzle toys and learning new tricks to keep their intelligent minds engaged.
• Many German Spitz varieties excel in canine sports such as agility (especially smaller sizes), obedience, rally, or even barn hunt (tapping into their historical ratting instincts).

Without sufficient exercise and mental stimulation, German Spitz can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as excessive barking or destructiveness. They are adaptable and can do well in various living situations, including apartments (especially smaller varieties), as long as their exercise and companionship needs are consistently met.

German Spitz are generally considered a healthy and robust group of breeds, with a good lifespan, especially for the smaller varieties. However, like all purebred dogs, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns can vary slightly by size but may include:

• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in smaller Spitz varieties like the Kleinspitz and Mittelspitz.
• Eye Conditions: Including Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), cataracts, and distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes). Eye certification is important for breeding stock.
• Dental Issues: Especially in the smaller varieties, they can be prone to tartar buildup, gum disease, and early tooth loss if dental hygiene is neglected.
• Alopecia X (Black Skin Disease):** A coat loss condition seen in some Spitz breeds, including Pomeranians (Zwergspitz) and occasionally Kleinspitz.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland can occur.
• Hip Dysplasia:** More of a concern in the larger varieties like the Grossspitz or Wolfspitz/Keeshond.