Neapolitan Mastiff

The Neapolitan Mastiff, or Mastino Napoletano, is an ancient Italian breed that traces its origins back to the Molossian dogs of ancient times. These powerful dogs were used in warfare by the Romans and were also featured in gladiatorial combat alongside humans and other animals. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the breed continued to exist in the rural areas of southern Italy, particularly in the region around Naples, where they served as guardians of farms and estates.

For centuries, the Neapolitan Mastiff remained relatively unchanged and was primarily a working breed. It wasn’t until the mid-20th century that efforts were made to formally recognize and standardize the breed. The first breed standard was established in 1949, largely through the efforts of Italian journalist and dog enthusiast Piero Scanziani. The breed gained international attention and was eventually recognized by major kennel clubs worldwide, including the American Kennel Club in 2004. Today, while still possessing strong guarding instincts, the Neapolitan Mastiff is primarily kept as a loyal family companion and protector.

The Neapolitan Mastiff is known for its unwavering loyalty to its family and its powerful protective instincts. They are typically calm and dignified indoors, often described as being somewhat low-energy when relaxed at home. However, they are always alert and watchful of their surroundings and will not hesitate to protect their loved ones if they perceive a threat. They are naturally wary and suspicious of strangers and can be quite territorial.

Early and extensive socialization from a very young age is absolutely crucial for a Neapolitan Mastiff to ensure they can differentiate between a genuine threat and normal social interactions. They need to be exposed to a variety of people, sights, sounds, and situations. Consistent, patient, and firm training by an experienced owner who understands the breed’s temperament is also essential. While they are intelligent, they can also be stubborn and independent. They are generally good with children in their own family but may not be as tolerant of unfamiliar children. Due to their size and protective nature, interactions with strangers should always be carefully managed.

The Neapolitan Mastiff has a short, dense, and harsh coat that is relatively low-maintenance in terms of brushing. However, their most distinctive feature, the abundant loose skin forming wrinkles and folds, especially around the head, face, and neck, requires significant attention to prevent skin infections.

Weekly brushing with a rubber curry mitt or a soft bristle brush will help remove loose hair. The wrinkles and folds must be cleaned daily and thoroughly dried to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to bacterial or yeast infections and skin irritation. Special attention should be paid to the facial folds, under the eyes, and around the neck. A mild, vet-approved antiseptic wipe or solution may be recommended. Baths should be given as needed, ensuring all skin folds are thoroughly dried afterward. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning (checking their drop ears for cleanliness), and dental care are also important. Neapolitan Mastiffs are also known to drool, sometimes quite heavily, so be prepared for that aspect of their care.

Despite their massive size, Neapolitan Mastiffs have moderate exercise needs once they reach adulthood. They are not high-energy dogs and do not require extensive running. However, regular, moderate exercise is crucial for maintaining their muscle tone, preventing obesity, and for their overall well-being. Over-exercising young, rapidly growing puppies should be avoided to protect their developing joints.

Daily walks at a moderate pace, totaling about 30-60 minutes, are usually sufficient for an adult Neo. They also enjoy leisurely strolls around the yard. Due to their size and potential for overheating, exercise should be scheduled for cooler parts of the day, and they should always have access to shade and fresh water. They are generally calm indoors and appreciate having a comfortable space to lie down. They are not well-suited for vigorous activities like long-distance running or agility. Early socialization walks should be kept shorter and focused on exposure to different environments rather than strenuous exercise.

The Neapolitan Mastiff, like many giant breeds, is unfortunately prone to a number of significant health problems and has a relatively short lifespan. Their unique conformation, particularly their loose skin and large size, contributes to some of these issues. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock extensively. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: A major concern in giant breeds, involving malformation of these joints. OFA or PennHIP certification is crucial for breeding stock.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV): A life-threatening emergency common in deep-chested giant breeds. Owners must be aware of the signs and preventative measures.
• Entropion and Ectropion:** Eyelid abnormalities that can cause irritation and other eye problems.
• Cherry Eye:** Prolapse of the third eyelid gland.
• Skin Fold Dermatitis:** Infections and inflammation of the skin folds due to moisture and bacteria buildup. Meticulous hygiene is vital.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM):** A serious heart condition. Cardiac screening is recommended for breeding dogs.
• Cancer:** Various forms of cancer, including osteosarcoma (bone cancer), are a concern in giant breeds.
• Panosteitis:** “Growing pains” in the long bones of young, rapidly growing large dogs.