Norwegian Lundehund

The Norwegian Lundehund is an ancient and exceptionally unique Spitz-type breed with a history in Norway that dates back to at least the Viking Age, possibly much earlier. “Lunde” is the Norwegian word for puffin, and “hund” means dog, aptly describing their specialized historical role: hunting Atlantic Puffins and their eggs. These dogs were indispensable to the inhabitants of the remote coastal regions and islands of northern Norway, particularly the Lofoten Islands, where puffins nested in crevices on steep, rocky cliffs. The Lundehund’s extraordinary physical adaptations made it perfectly suited for this challenging task.

These adaptations include having at least six fully functional toes on each foot (polydactyly) with extra pads, providing a secure grip on slippery rocks. They also possess exceptionally flexible shoulder joints that allow their forelegs to extend out to the sides at a 90-degree angle, and a neck so flexible that their head can bend backward to touch their spine. Furthermore, their ears can fold closed, forwards or backwards, to protect against dirt and water when navigating narrow cliff passages. With changes in puffin hunting methods (nets became more common) and a distemper outbreak in the mid-20th century, the Lundehund faced near extinction, with only a handful of dogs remaining. Dedicated efforts by Norwegian enthusiasts, particularly Eleanor Christie and her husband, were crucial in saving the breed from disappearing. While still very rare, the Norwegian Lundehund is a cherished national treasure and a living testament to specialized canine evolution. The AKC recognized the breed in 2011.

The Norwegian Lundehund is known for its alert, agile, and inquisitive temperament. They are energetic and playful dogs that retain a strong sense of curiosity about their surroundings. With their families, Lundehunds are typically very affectionate, loyal, and enjoy being part of household activities, though they are not usually demanding lapdogs. They are intelligent and can be quite resourceful, a trait developed from their independent hunting work.

Lundehunds can be somewhat reserved or wary of strangers, a common characteristic in Spitz-type breeds, making early and consistent socialization important to build their confidence and ensure they are well-adjusted. They are generally good with children if raised with them and if children are taught to be respectful. They can also get along with other dogs, but their prey drive might make them unsuitable for homes with very small pets unless carefully managed and socialized from a very young age. They are alert and will bark to announce visitors or anything unusual, making them good watchdogs. They are sensitive dogs that respond best to positive, patient training methods.

The Norwegian Lundehund has a weather-resistant double coat. The outer coat is short, dense, and somewhat harsh, while the undercoat is soft and dense. This coat provides good protection from the elements.

Grooming a Lundehund is relatively low-maintenance. They are moderate shedders, with heavier seasonal “coat blows” typically twice a year. A weekly brushing with a rubber curry mitt or a firm bristle brush is usually sufficient to remove loose dead hair and keep their coat healthy. During shedding season, more frequent brushing will be beneficial. Their coat is naturally quite clean and repels dirt, so baths are needed only occasionally. Regular nail trims are important, especially given their extra toes, as these nails also need attention. Their unique ears, which can fold, should be checked regularly for cleanliness. Dental care is also essential for their overall well-being.

Norwegian Lundehunds are energetic and agile dogs that require moderate daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. They were bred for navigating difficult cliff faces and retain a good deal of stamina and a love for exploration. They are not hyperactive but need regular outlets for their energy.

Aim for at least 30-60 minutes of activity per day, which should include more than just leisurely leash walks. Good exercise options for a Lundehund include:

• Daily brisk walks, with opportunities to sniff and explore varied terrain.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy games like fetch or simply exploring. Their agility and climbing ability mean fences should be very secure.
• Canine sports: Their intelligence and agility make them well-suited for activities like agility (they often excel due to their flexibility), Earthdog trials, or nose work.
• Interactive puzzle toys and learning new tricks to keep their sharp minds engaged.

Without a proper outlet for their energy and intelligence, Lundehunds can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as digging or excessive barking. They thrive when they have activities that challenge both their bodies and their minds.

The Norwegian Lundehund, having been revived from a very small gene pool, is susceptible to a specific and serious group of digestive disorders collectively known as **Lundehund Syndrome**. This is the primary health concern for the breed. Responsible breeding practices and careful management are crucial. Potential health concerns include:

• Lundehund Syndrome (LS): This is a complex protein-losing enteropathy that can manifest in various ways, including intestinal lymphangiectasia. It affects the dog’s ability to absorb nutrients and can lead to chronic diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and edema. There is no cure, but it can sometimes be managed with specific diets and medication. All Lundehunds are considered at risk.
• Patellar Luxation:** Dislocation of the kneecap can occur.
• Eye Conditions:** While not as prevalent as LS, general eye screening is advisable for breeding stock.