Yorkshire Terrier

The Yorkshire Terrier, affectionately known as the “Yorkie,” has a fascinating history that belies its glamorous appearance today. Originating in the mid-19th century in the English counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire, these tiny terriers were initially developed by working-class weavers and miners, primarily from Scotland, who brought various small terrier breeds with them.

Their original purpose was far from a life of luxury; they were tenacious ratters, employed to control vermin in textile mills and coal mines. Breeds thought to be part of their ancestry include the Clydesdale Terrier, Paisley Terrier, Skye Terrier, Dandie Dinmont Terrier, and possibly the Maltese. As the breed was refined, their beautiful silky coats and spirited personalities caught the eye of the Victorian upper class, transforming them into fashionable lapdogs and show dogs. The Kennel Club (England) recognized the Yorkshire Terrier in 1886, and the American Kennel Club (AKC) followed suit in 1885.

Yorkshire Terriers pack a big personality into their small frames. They are known for being sprightly, brave, and sometimes a bit feisty – true terriers at heart! Despite their small size, they often possess a confident and even bossy demeanor. Yorkies are also incredibly affectionate and loyal to their families, thriving on human companionship and often forming strong bonds with their owners. They love to be involved in family activities and can be quite playful and entertaining.

They are intelligent and can learn quickly, but their terrier stubbornness can sometimes make training a challenge. Positive reinforcement and consistency are key. Yorkies can be alert and make good little watchdogs, barking to announce strangers or unfamiliar sounds. Early socialization is important to ensure they are well-adjusted around other people and pets, as they can sometimes be wary of larger dogs or overly boisterous children if not properly introduced.

The Yorkshire Terrier’s most distinctive feature is its long, fine, silky coat, which is similar in texture to human hair. This beautiful coat requires significant grooming to keep it in good condition and free from tangles and mats. If kept long, daily brushing and combing are essential. Many Yorkie owners opt for a shorter “puppy cut” for easier maintenance, which still requires regular brushing (several times a week) and professional grooming every 4-8 weeks.

The hair on their head is often tied up in a topknot to keep it out of their eyes and prevent irritation. Regular cleaning around the eyes is also important to prevent tear staining. Yorkies are prone to dental problems, so regular teeth brushing and dental check-ups are crucial. Their ears should be checked regularly for cleanliness, and nails trimmed monthly.

Yorkshire Terriers are active little dogs but do not require a vast amount of exercise. Daily walks – one or two short to moderate walks – are usually sufficient to meet their physical needs. They also enjoy playtime indoors or in a securely fenced yard. Interactive games like fetch with a small toy or learning new tricks can provide good mental stimulation.

It’s important not to over-exercise them, especially as puppies, due to their small size and delicate bone structure. While they are energetic, they are also happy to be lap dogs and enjoy relaxing with their family. They are well-suited to apartment living as long as their exercise and mental stimulation needs are met.

Yorkshire Terriers are generally a healthy breed, but their small size makes them prone to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen for known issues. Some common health concerns include:

• Patellar Luxation: Dislocated kneecaps, common in toy breeds.
• Tracheal Collapse: A condition where the windpipe weakens and collapses, causing coughing. Using a harness instead of a collar for walks is often recommended.
• Dental Problems: Prone to early tooth decay, gum disease, and retained baby teeth. Regular dental care is vital.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar, especially in tiny puppies.
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: A hip joint disorder.
• Portosystemic Shunt (PSS): A liver abnormality.
• Sensitive Digestion: Some Yorkies can have delicate stomachs.

Choosing a reputable breeder, regular veterinary care, diligent dental hygiene, and careful handling (due to their small size) are important for a Yorkie’s health.

Yorkshire Terriers are intelligent and can learn quickly, but they also have a classic terrier tenacity and can be a bit stubborn or independent. Positive reinforcement training methods, using praise, treats, and fun, work best. Harsh methods will likely be counterproductive with this sensitive yet spirited breed.

Early socialization and puppy training classes are very important to help them develop good manners and become well-adjusted around other people, dogs, and new situations. Key training areas include:

• House Training: Can sometimes be challenging for toy breeds; consistency and patience are key. Crate training can be helpful.
• Basic Obedience: Commands like sit, stay, come, and down.
• Leash Training: Important for safe walks.
• Managing Barking: They can be yappy if not taught when it’s appropriate to bark.

Keep training sessions short, positive, and engaging. Despite their sometimes “big dog in a small body” attitude, they are eager to please their loved ones. Consistency is crucial to overcome their occasional stubbornness.