American Hairless Terrier

The American Hairless Terrier is a relatively new breed with a fascinating origin story rooted in the United States. They are direct descendants of Rat Terriers. In 1972, a completely hairless female puppy was born into a litter of otherwise normal coated Rat Terriers in Louisiana. This puppy, named Josephine, became the foundation for the hairless variety. Her owners, Edwin and Willie Scott, were intrigued by her unique appearance and affectionate nature and decided to embark on a breeding program to reproduce the hairless trait.

Through careful and selective breeding, crossing Josephine and her descendants back to Rat Terriers and then hairless-to-hairless, the Scotts successfully established a line of hairless dogs. Initially, these dogs were considered a hairless variety of the Rat Terrier. However, over time, fanciers worked to establish them as a distinct breed. The American Hairless Terrier also exists in a coated variety (carrying the hairless gene recessively), which is identical in type and temperament but has a short, smooth coat. The breed was recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC) in 2004 and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2016, where it is part of the Terrier Group.

The American Hairless Terrier shares many temperament traits with its Rat Terrier ancestors. They are energetic, alert, curious, and highly intelligent dogs. They possess a playful and often comical nature, enjoying games and interaction with their families. AHTs are typically affectionate and form strong bonds with their people, thriving on companionship and being involved in household activities. They are often described as being very “in tune” with their owner’s emotions.

Being terriers, they can also have a streak of independence and stubbornness. They are generally fearless for their size and make excellent watchdogs, quick to alert their family to anything unusual. Early and consistent socialization is important to ensure they are well-adjusted around strangers and other animals, as their terrier instincts might lead them to chase smaller pets or be wary of unfamiliar dogs if not properly introduced. They are active and need outlets for both their physical and mental energy.

Grooming needs for the American Hairless Terrier differ significantly based on whether they are the hairless or coated variety:

• Hairless Variety: While they don’t have fur to brush, their exposed skin requires regular care. They need frequent baths (e.g., weekly or bi-weekly) with a gentle dog shampoo to keep their skin clean and prevent clogged pores or blackheads. Sunscreen is essential when outdoors for extended periods to prevent sunburn. In cold weather, they will need sweaters or coats for warmth. Moisturizers specifically for dogs can help if their skin becomes dry. Regular nail trims and dental care are also crucial.
• Coated Variety: The coated American Hairless Terrier has a short, smooth, dense coat that is very low-maintenance. A quick weekly brushing with a soft bristle brush or hound mitt is usually sufficient to remove loose hair and keep the coat shiny. They are minimal shedders. Baths are needed only occasionally. As with the hairless variety, regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care are important.

For both varieties, checking ears for cleanliness is important. Due to their terrier heritage, they might enjoy digging, so keeping their nails trimmed will also help protect your floors and furniture.

American Hairless Terriers are active and energetic dogs that require regular daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. Despite their sometimes small size, they have the stamina and playfulness typical of terriers. Aim for at least 30-60 minutes of activity per day, which can be broken into walks and play sessions.

Good exercise options include:

• Daily brisk walks on a leash.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy games like fetch, chasing toys, or exploring.
• Interactive games that challenge their minds, such as puzzle toys or learning new tricks.
• Canine sports: Their intelligence and agility make them suitable for activities like Earthdog trials (for coated variety), agility, rally, or lure coursing.

It’s important to remember the skin protection needs of the hairless variety during outdoor exercise (sunscreen in sunny weather, coats in cold weather). Mental stimulation is key to preventing boredom, which can lead to undesirable behaviors.

The American Hairless Terrier is generally a healthy breed, especially the coated variety which benefits from the genetic diversity of its Rat Terrier background. The hairless variety has specific needs related to its skin. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns include:

• Skin Issues (Hairless Variety): Sunburn, abrasions, dryness, blackheads, and sensitivity to some topical products. Requires diligent skin care.
• Allergies: Both skin and food allergies can occur in either variety.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in small breeds.
• Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: A hip joint disorder affecting small breeds.
• Heart Conditions: Such as mitral valve disease or patent ductus arteriosus.
• Cushing’s Disease (Hyperadrenocorticism): A hormonal disorder.
• Dental Issues: Like many small breeds, they can be prone to tartar buildup and gum disease.

Choosing a reputable breeder who is knowledgeable about the breed and performs health screenings is important. Regular veterinary check-ups, appropriate skin care for the hairless type, and a quality diet contribute to their overall health.

Training an American Hairless Terrier can be a fun and rewarding experience, as they are intelligent and often eager to engage with their owners. However, they also possess a typical terrier’s determination and can have an independent or stubborn streak if they are not properly motivated. Positive reinforcement techniques are essential.

Key aspects of training an AHT include:

• Early Socialization: Crucial for developing a well-rounded and confident dog. Expose your AHT puppy to a wide variety of people, sights, sounds, and other animals in a positive manner.
• Positive Reinforcement: Use treats, praise, and play as rewards. They are sensitive and do not respond well to harsh methods.
• Keep it Fun and Varied: Their intelligence means they thrive on mental challenges and can get bored with repetitive tasks. Incorporate games and new tricks into training.
• Consistency: Clear rules and boundaries must be established and consistently enforced by all family members.
• Basic Obedience: Commands like sit, stay, come, down, and leash training are important.
• Channeling Terrier Instincts: Provide outlets for their energy and prey drive through appropriate games or activities like Earthdog trials (for coated variety if applicable) or lure coursing.

Puppy classes and ongoing obedience training are highly recommended. Their intelligence and agility make them suitable for various dog sports.