Belgian Laekenois

The Belgian Laekenois is one of the four distinct varieties of Belgian Shepherd Dogs, the others being the Groenendael, Tervuren, and Malinois. The Laekenois is the rarest of these four. Like its relatives, it originated in Belgium in the late 19th century. The breed takes its name from the Castle of Laeken, the royal residence, where these dogs were often used as guardians and for tending the royal flocks. They were also employed to guard linen drying in the fields, a common practice in Belgium at the time.

Professor Adolphe Reul of the Belgian School of Veterinary Medicine is credited with standardizing the various types of Belgian Shepherd Dogs in the late 1800s. The Laekenois was officially recognized as a distinct variety, primarily distinguished by its harsh, wiry coat. While all four varieties share a common origin and many similar traits, their differing coat types led to their categorization as separate breeds by some kennel clubs, including the AKC. The Laekenois has a rich history as a working dog, serving not only as a herder and guardian but also in various other capacities, including as a messenger dog during wartime.

The Belgian Laekenois is known for its intelligence, alertness, and strong protective instincts. They form deep bonds with their families and are fiercely loyal, often being particularly devoted to their primary caregiver. They are highly intelligent and thrive on mental stimulation, making them excellent candidates for various dog sports and training activities. Their protective nature makes them good watchdogs, and they can be reserved or even wary of strangers if not properly socialized.

Early and consistent socialization from a young age is crucial for the Laekenois to ensure they are well-adjusted and confident in various situations. They are generally good with children in their own family, especially if raised with them, but their herding instincts might lead them to nip at heels. They can also coexist with other pets if properly introduced and raised together. Due to their high energy levels and strong work ethic, they need owners who can provide them with plenty of physical and mental exercise. They respond well to positive reinforcement training methods and enjoy having a job to do.

The Belgian Laekenois has a distinctive harsh, dry, tousled, and wiry outer coat with a shorter, softer undercoat. This coat type requires regular grooming to prevent matting and to maintain its characteristic appearance.

While they don’t shed as heavily as some double-coated breeds, regular brushing, ideally 2-3 times a week with a slicker brush and a metal comb, is necessary to remove dead hair and prevent tangles. The Laekenois coat does not typically require frequent bathing; bathing every few months or as needed is usually sufficient. Hand stripping a few times a year is recommended to maintain the wiry texture and proper coat length, especially if the dog is shown. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care are also essential for their overall health and well-being.

Belgian Laekenois are high-energy dogs that require a significant amount of daily exercise to stay physically and mentally healthy. They were bred as working farm dogs and have the stamina and drive to match. A simple walk around the block is not sufficient for this breed; they need more vigorous activity.

Aim for at least one to two hours of combined physical and mental exercise each day. Excellent options include:

• Long, brisk walks, jogging, or running alongside a bicycle (once fully mature).
• Off-leash play in a large, securely fenced area where they can run freely.
• Participation in canine sports such as agility, herding trials, obedience, flyball, or dock diving. Their intelligence and athleticism make them well-suited for these activities.
• Structured training sessions that provide mental stimulation.

Without adequate exercise and mental engagement, Laekenois can become bored, restless, and may develop undesirable behaviors such as excessive barking, chewing, or digging.

The Belgian Laekenois is generally considered a healthy breed, but like all purebred dogs, they can be predisposed to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns to be aware of include:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: These are conditions affecting the joints and can lead to arthritis and pain.
• Eye Conditions: Such as Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and cataracts. Regular eye exams are recommended.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV):** A life-threatening condition that can affect deep-chested breeds. Knowing the signs and taking preventative measures is important.
• Epilepsy:** Seizure disorders have been reported in some lines.