Belgian Tervuren

The Belgian Tervuren is one of the four distinct varieties of Belgian Shepherd Dogs, all sharing a common ancestry as versatile herding and farm dogs in Belgium during the late 19th century. These dogs were developed from the general pool of working sheepdogs native to the region, selected for their intelligence, herding ability, and guarding instincts. The Tervuren variety, distinguished by its long fawn to mahogany coat with characteristic black overlay (charbonnage) and black mask, is named after the village of Tervuren, a locality historically associated with early breeders of this type.

Professor Adolphe Reul of the Belgian School of Veterinary Medicine played a key role in identifying and standardizing the different types of Belgian Shepherd Dogs in the 1890s. While in many parts of the world (including Belgium under FCI rules) the four varieties (Tervuren, Malinois, Groenendael, Laekenois) are considered one breed with different coat types, in the United States, the AKC recognizes them as separate breeds. The Belgian Tervuren was recognized by the AKC in 1959 (initially as Belgian Shepherd, then separated in 1960). They are prized for their beauty, intelligence, and versatility in various canine sports and working roles, including police and military work, though less commonly than the Malinois.

The Belgian Tervuren is known for its high intelligence, unwavering courage, and alert, watchful nature. They are deeply devoted and loyal to their families, forming strong bonds and often being particularly attentive and responsive to their primary handler. Tervurens are energetic and playful, possessing a strong work ethic and thriving when they have a job to do or are engaged in challenging activities. They are naturally protective of their home and people, making them excellent watchdogs that will readily alert to anything unusual.

While affectionate and loving with their family, Tervurens can be reserved or aloof with strangers, a trait that underscores the need for extensive early socialization. Their intelligence means they learn quickly, but they are also sensitive and do not respond well to harsh training methods or corrections. They require a confident owner who can provide firm, fair, and consistent leadership using positive reinforcement techniques. An under-stimulated or poorly socialized Tervuren can become prone to nervousness, shyness, or develop undesirable behaviors. With the right upbringing, they are steadfast, capable, and loving companions.

The Belgian Tervuren has a beautiful, long, straight, and abundant double coat. The outer coat is harsher and weather-resistant, while the undercoat is soft and very dense, providing excellent insulation. They have a distinctive collarette or mane around the neck (especially prominent in males) and feathering on the legs and tail. The coat color is rich fawn to mahogany with a black overlay (charbonnage) and a black mask.

This luxurious coat requires regular and thorough grooming to prevent matting and manage shedding. Tervurens are moderate to heavy shedders, especially during their seasonal “coat blows” (typically twice a year). Brushing several times a week with a pin brush, slicker brush, and an undercoat rake is essential to remove loose dead hair and prevent tangles from forming into painful mats. Daily brushing will be necessary during heavy shedding periods. Baths should be given as needed. It’s crucial to ensure their dense coat is rinsed thoroughly and dried completely to prevent skin issues. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care are also important components of their grooming routine.

Belgian Tervurens are highly energetic and athletic working dogs that require a significant amount of daily exercise and, equally importantly, demanding mental stimulation to stay physically fit and mentally satisfied. They were bred for long days of herding and guarding and possess considerable stamina and agility. This is not a breed suited for a sedentary lifestyle.

Aim for at least one to two hours of vigorous and purposeful activity per day, plus ongoing mental challenges. Excellent exercise options for a Tervuren include:

• Long, brisk walks, jogging, or running alongside a bicycle (once fully mature and conditioned).
• Off-leash play in a large, securely fenced area. They enjoy interactive games like fetch or frisbee.
• Canine sports: Tervurens excel in herding trials, agility, obedience, rally, tracking, and protection sports (like Schutzhund/IPO, with appropriate professional training).
• Hiking in varied terrain.
• Challenging puzzle toys and advanced trick training to keep their sharp minds engaged.

Without a consistent and significant outlet for their physical and mental energy, Belgian Tervurens can become bored, frustrated, and may develop destructive behaviors, excessive barking, or compulsive tendencies. They thrive when they have a “job” to do and are working in close partnership with an active and experienced owner.

The Belgian Tervuren is generally a healthy and robust breed, but like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A common concern in many medium to large active breeds, involving malformation of the hip joint. Elbow dysplasia can also occur. OFA or PennHIP certification is crucial for breeding stock.
• Eye Conditions: Such as Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and cataracts. Eye certification by a veterinary ophthalmologist is important.
• Epilepsy:** Seizure disorders have been noted in some lines.
• Hypothyroidism:** An underactive thyroid gland.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV):** A risk for deep-chested breeds.
• Cancer:** Various forms of cancer can affect the breed.
• Anesthesia Sensitivity:** Some Belgian Shepherds can be sensitive to certain anesthetic drugs.