Bergamasco Sheepdog

The Bergamasco Sheepdog is an ancient breed with a history tracing back thousands of years, originating in the rugged Italian Alps near Bergamo. These dogs are believed to have descended from ancient sheep-herding dogs that migrated with nomadic shepherds from the Middle East into Europe. In the harsh alpine environment, the Bergamasco evolved into a hardy and resilient breed, perfectly adapted for herding and guarding sheep and cattle.

Their most distinctive feature, the naturally matted or “flocked” coat, developed as a form of protection against the cold, wet weather and from predator attacks. The flocks of hair are composed of three different types of hair (undercoat, goat hair, and woolly topcoat) that weave together. Bergamascos were indispensable to Italian shepherds, valued for their intelligence, patience, and ability to work independently, often managing large flocks on their own. As traditional shepherding declined, the breed’s numbers dwindled, but dedicated enthusiasts in Italy worked to preserve these unique dogs. The Bergamasco Sheepdog was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 2015.

The Bergamasco Sheepdog possesses a temperament well-suited to its historical role as a herding and guarding dog. They are highly intelligent, patient, and possess a calm, vigilant demeanor. Bergamascos are deeply loyal and devoted to their families, forming strong bonds and often being very gentle and protective with children they are raised with. They are not typically aggressive but are naturally reserved and wary of strangers, making them excellent watchdogs that will observe and assess a situation before reacting.

Their intelligence is paired with an independent streak, as they were bred to make decisions on their own while managing flocks. This means they are not always instantly obedient in a traditional sense but are keen problem-solvers. Early and consistent socialization is important to ensure they are well-adjusted and to help them differentiate between normal occurrences and genuine threats. They are generally peaceful with other pets if raised with them. Bergamascos thrive when they have a sense of purpose and are part of their family’s daily life.

The Bergamasco Sheepdog’s coat is unique and its grooming is very different from most other breeds. The coat is made up of three types of hair that weave together to form flat, loose mats or “flocks.” This process starts when the dog is around 1 year old and can take 2-3 years to fully develop across the entire body. Once the flocks are set (typically by age 3-5), the coat is surprisingly low-maintenance.

During the flocking process, some intervention is needed to help the mats form properly by gently separating sections of hair down to the skin if they are forming into one large mat, ensuring they become distinct, appropriately sized flocks (typically 1-3 inches wide). **Once fully flocked, the coat should not be brushed or combed**, as this will undo the mats. Bergamascos are considered non-shedding to very low-shedding because the shed hair is caught within the flocks. Baths are needed only very infrequently (1-3 times a year), as their coat is naturally somewhat oily and weather-resistant. When bathed, they take a very long time to dry completely. The hair over their eyes acts as a natural visor. Regular nail trims and dental care are still important.

Bergamasco Sheepdogs have moderate exercise needs. While they are agile and capable of bursts of energy, they are not typically hyperactive dogs. They were bred for endurance rather than speed, often working methodically with their flocks. Daily walks and opportunities for off-leash play in a securely fenced area are usually sufficient to keep them physically and mentally healthy.

They enjoy activities that engage their minds, such as:

• Daily walks with opportunities to explore different environments.
• Playtime in a secure yard.
• Hiking or participating in herding activities if available.
• Canine sports like agility (they can be surprisingly nimble), obedience, or rally.

Mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, or simply being involved in family activities is also important for this intelligent breed. They are adaptable and can do well in various living situations, provided their exercise and companionship needs are met.

The Bergamasco Sheepdog is generally considered a hardy and healthy breed, having developed in a rugged environment with a focus on working ability. However, like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain health conditions. Due to their relative rarity, comprehensive data on genetic predispositions may be more limited than for some more common breeds. Potential concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint, common in many medium to large breeds. Elbow dysplasia can also occur.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV): A life-threatening emergency where the stomach twists; a risk for deep-chested breeds.
• Eye Conditions: While not widespread, occasional eye issues such as cataracts or Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) could occur.
• Skin Issues:** If the coat is not properly cared for during the matting process or if it stays damp for too long, skin irritation or infections can occur beneath the flocks.