Brussels Griffon

The Brussels Griffon, with its distinctive, expressive face, originated in Brussels, Belgium, during the 19th century. Their primary ancestors were small, rough-coated terrier-like dogs known as “Griffons d’Ecurie” (stable griffons), which were kept by cab drivers and coachmen to control rats in stables. To refine the breed and enhance certain characteristics, these local griffons were likely crossed with other breeds, including the Affenpinscher (for its facial structure and personality), the Pug (for its short muzzle and possibly coat type), and the English Toy Spaniel (for its expressive eyes and affectionate nature).

Initially valued for their vermin-hunting prowess, their charming personalities and unique appearance soon caught the attention of Belgian nobility, particularly Queen Henrietta Maria in the late 19th century, which greatly boosted their popularity as companion dogs. They transitioned from working stable dogs to pampered lapdogs. The breed encompasses three varieties based on coat and color: the Griffon Bruxellois (rough-coated, red), Griffon Belge (rough-coated, black, black & tan, or black & red mixed), and the Petit Brabançon (smooth-coated). In many countries, including the US, these are often grouped under the single breed name “Brussels Griffon.” The American Kennel Club recognized the Brussels Griffon in 1910.

The Brussels Griffon is a toy breed with a personality much larger than its size. They are known for being alert, intelligent, curious, and possessing an air of self-importance that is both amusing and endearing. Griffons are deeply affectionate with their families and thrive on human companionship, often becoming “Velcro dogs” that want to be involved in every aspect of their owner’s life. They are playful and can be quite comical with their antics.

Despite their small stature, they are courageous and make excellent watchdogs, quick to alert their owners to anything unusual with a surprisingly robust bark. They can be sensitive and do not respond well to harsh treatment or being left alone for long periods, which can lead to separation anxiety. Early and consistent socialization is crucial to prevent them from becoming overly shy, suspicious of strangers, or bossy. While generally good with older, respectful children, their small size makes them vulnerable to accidental injury. They can get along with other pets if properly introduced and socialized.

Grooming needs for a Brussels Griffon depend on their coat type:

• Rough-coated Griffon (Griffon Bruxellois/Belge): This variety has a wiry, dense, and shaggy coat with a distinctive beard and mustache. The coat does not shed much but requires regular grooming to prevent matting and maintain its texture. Weekly brushing is necessary. To maintain the correct wiry texture for show dogs, the coat is typically hand-stripped (plucking dead outer hairs) several times a year. Pet owners may opt for professional clipping every few months for easier maintenance, though this will soften the coat’s texture over time.
• Smooth-coated Griffon (Petit Brabançon): This variety has a short, straight, glossy coat that is very low-maintenance. A quick weekly brushing with a rubber curry mitt or soft bristle brush is usually sufficient to remove loose hair.

For both varieties, the facial furnishings (beard and mustache on rough coats) should be kept clean to prevent food debris buildup and odor. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and diligent dental care are essential, as toy breeds are often prone to dental problems.

Brussels Griffons are active and playful little dogs with moderate exercise needs. Despite their small size, they enjoy activity and need regular outlets for their energy to stay happy and healthy. Daily walks and dedicated playtime are usually sufficient.

Good exercise options include:

• One or two short to moderate daily walks on a leash.
• Indoor playtime with favorite toys. They often enjoy games of fetch or chasing soft toys.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. Due to their small size and curiosity, they should always be supervised outdoors.
• Some Griffons enjoy and can excel in canine sports like agility (on a smaller scale) or rally obedience.

It’s important to remember that they are a brachycephalic (shorter-muzzled) breed, so care should be taken not to over-exercise them in hot or humid weather, as they can be prone to overheating and breathing difficulties. They are well-suited to apartment living as long as their daily exercise and companionship needs are met.

Brussels Griffons are generally a fairly healthy breed, but like all breeds, especially toy breeds with brachycephalic features, they can be prone to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns include:

• Brachycephalic Issues: Stenotic nares (narrowed nostrils) and an elongated soft palate can sometimes cause breathing difficulties. They are also sensitive to heat.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in toy breeds.
• Eye Problems: Including cataracts, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes), and corneal ulcers due to their prominent eyes.
• Syringomyelia (SM): A serious neurological condition affecting the spinal cord, also seen in breeds like the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (an ancestor). MRI screening is used.
• Hip Dysplasia:** Though small, it can occur.
• Cleft Palate:** A congenital condition.
• Birthing Difficulties:** Due to the puppies’ relatively large heads, C-sections are sometimes necessary.
• Dental Issues:** Common in toy breeds due to small mouths.