Bullmastiff

The Bullmastiff was developed in England during the mid-to-late 19th century by gamekeepers on large country estates. They needed a specific type of dog to protect their game reserves from poachers. The dog had to be large, fast enough to catch an intruder, powerful enough to knock them down and hold them, yet quiet and docile enough not to maul them. To create this ideal guardian, they crossed the large, formidable English Mastiff (for its size and power) with the tenacious and courageous Old English Bulldog (for its athleticism and grit). The resulting cross was approximately 60% Mastiff and 40% Bulldog.

These dogs became known as the “Gamekeeper’s Night Dog” because they would silently track and pin poachers at night, holding them until the gamekeeper arrived. Their dark brindle coats provided excellent camouflage in the dark. The breed’s effectiveness made them highly valued, and their reputation grew. The Bullmastiff was officially recognized by The Kennel Club in England in 1924 and by the American Kennel Club in 1933. Today, while still possessing their guarding instincts, they are primarily cherished as loyal and affectionate family companions.

The Bullmastiff is renowned for its courageous, loyal, and deeply affectionate nature with its family. Despite their powerful and imposing appearance, they are typically calm, gentle giants in the home, often forming strong, loving bonds with all family members, including children. They are docile and good-natured companions that thrive on being part of the family circle. However, their primary instinct is to protect their loved ones. They are fearless and self-confident, and will not hesitate to step between their family and a perceived threat.

Bullmastiffs are natural guardians and can be wary of strangers, making early and consistent socialization crucial to ensure they are well-adjusted and can differentiate between welcome guests and genuine threats. They are intelligent but can also be independent and strong-willed, requiring a confident owner who can provide firm, fair, and consistent leadership. They are not typically aggressive but their sheer size and strength demand responsible ownership. They are not recommended for novice or timid owners.

The Bullmastiff has a short, dense, and weather-resistant coat that is very easy to groom. They are considered average shedders. A weekly brushing with a rubber curry mitt or a hound glove is usually sufficient to remove loose dead hair and keep their coat looking healthy and sleek.

Baths are needed only occasionally, as their coat tends to stay fairly clean. The wrinkles on their face should be checked and wiped regularly to prevent dirt and moisture buildup, which can lead to skin irritation. Bullmastiffs can be prone to drooling, so keeping a “slobber cloth” handy is often a good idea for owners. Regular nail trims are important to prevent discomfort and foot problems. Ear cleaning should also be part of their routine, as should diligent dental care.

Bullmastiffs have moderate exercise needs despite their large size. They are not high-energy endurance athletes and do not require extensive running. Several short to moderate daily walks, totaling around 30-45 minutes, along with some playtime, are usually sufficient to keep them physically and mentally healthy. They enjoy leisurely strolls where they can sniff and explore.

While they are powerful, they are not built for long-distance running or high-impact activities. Due to their brachycephalic (shorter-muzzled) features and heavy build, care must be taken not to over-exercise them, especially in hot or humid weather, as they can be prone to overheating. Exercise should be scheduled for cooler parts of the day during warm months. They are relatively low-energy indoors and can adapt well to living in a house with a securely fenced yard, though apartment living can be feasible if their daily walking needs are consistently met.

Bullmastiffs, like most large and giant breeds, are unfortunately prone to a number of significant health problems and have a relatively short lifespan. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock extensively. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: A common concern in large breeds, involving malformation of these joints.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV): A life-threatening emergency where the stomach twists; Bullmastiffs are a deep-chested breed at high risk.
• Cancers: Such as lymphoma, osteosarcoma (bone cancer), and mast cell tumors.
• Heart Conditions: Including subaortic stenosis (SAS) and cardiomyopathy.
• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland.
• Eye Problems: Such as entropion (inward rolling eyelids), ectropion (outward rolling eyelids), and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA).
• Skin Allergies and Issues:** Can be common.
• Cystinuria:** A genetic condition that can cause kidney and bladder stones.