Chinese Shar-Pei

The Chinese Shar-Pei is an ancient breed with a history believed to stretch back to the Han Dynasty in China (around 200 B.C.). Evidence from statues and pottery from that era depicts dogs bearing a strong resemblance to the Shar-Pei. They are thought to have originated in the southern provinces of China, around the South China Sea. For centuries, these versatile dogs served Chinese peasants and farmers in various roles: as hunters of boar, guardians of property and livestock, and herders.

Unfortunately, during the rise of Communism in China in the mid-20th century, dog ownership was heavily discouraged, and the dog population, including the Shar-Pei, dwindled drastically. By the 1960s and 70s, the breed was on the brink of extinction and was even listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the rarest dog breed. A Hong Kong businessman named Matgo Law, along with other dedicated enthusiasts, made a desperate plea to American breeders and fanciers in 1973 through dog magazines to help save the Shar-Pei. A small number of dogs were imported to the United States, and dedicated breeding programs were established, ultimately saving the breed from vanishing. The Chinese Shar-Pei was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1992.

The Chinese Shar-Pei possesses a unique temperament that combines deep loyalty to its family with an independent and somewhat aloof nature, especially towards strangers. They are not typically effusive or overly demonstrative dogs but show their devotion in quieter, more reserved ways. They are often described as calm and dignified in the home. Shar-Pei are intelligent but can also be stubborn and strong-willed, a trait stemming from their history as independent workers.

They are naturally wary of unfamiliar people and situations, making them excellent watchdogs that will alert their family to anything out of the ordinary. Early and thorough socialization is absolutely crucial for this breed to ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults and to temper their potential for territorial behavior or aggression towards unfamiliar dogs. With their own family, they can be very affectionate and devoted, though often on their own terms. They are not typically suited for novice dog owners, requiring an owner who understands and respects their unique character.

The most distinctive feature of the Shar-Pei is its loose, wrinkled skin, and this requires specific grooming attention. The short, bristly coat itself (whether horse-coat or brush-coat) is relatively low-maintenance and needs only occasional brushing to remove dead hair. They are moderate shedders.

However, the **skin folds and wrinkles must be cleaned regularly and kept thoroughly dry** to prevent irritation, yeast infections, and bacterial skin fold dermatitis. This is especially important around the face, muzzle, and any other areas with deep wrinkles. Use a soft, damp cloth to clean between the folds, and then dry them meticulously. Baths should be given as needed, using a mild dog shampoo, ensuring all soap is rinsed out and the dog is dried completely, paying extra attention to the wrinkles. Their small, tight ears also need regular checking and cleaning to prevent infections. Routine nail trims and dental care are also essential.

Chinese Shar-Pei have moderate exercise needs. They are not high-energy dogs that require hours of running, but they do need regular daily activity to stay healthy and prevent boredom. Several brisk walks per day, along with some playtime, are usually sufficient. They enjoy leisurely strolls and exploring their surroundings with their owners.

It’s important to note that Shar-Pei can be sensitive to heat due to their shorter muzzles and sometimes dense skin. Exercise should be avoided during the hottest parts of the day in warm climates, and they should always have access to shade and fresh water. While they are sturdy, they are not typically suited for intense, high-impact canine sports. They are generally content with moderate activity followed by relaxing at home with their family.

The Chinese Shar-Pei is prone to a number of specific health conditions, some related to their unique physical characteristics. Responsible breeders screen their stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Skin Fold Infections (Dermatitis): Due to their wrinkles, requiring diligent cleaning.
• Shar-Pei Fever (Familial Shar-Pei Fever – FSF): A serious hereditary condition causing recurrent fevers, swelling of the hocks, and can lead to amyloidosis (which affects kidney and liver function).
• Entropion: An inward rolling of the eyelids, causing eyelashes to irritate the cornea. Often requires surgical correction.
• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: Malformation of these joints.
• Allergies: Both skin and food allergies can be common.
• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland.
• Ear Problems: Their small, tight ear canals can be prone to infections if not kept clean and dry.
• Amyloidosis: A serious condition often secondary to Shar-Pei Fever, where abnormal protein deposits affect organ function, particularly the kidneys.

Working closely with a reputable breeder who is knowledgeable about breed-specific health issues and providing regular veterinary care, including proactive skin and wrinkle management, are vital for a Shar-Pei’s health.

Training a Chinese Shar-Pei requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their intelligent yet independent and sometimes stubborn nature. They are not always driven by an innate desire to please and may question commands if they don’t see a clear purpose. Early and ongoing socialization is absolutely critical for this breed to develop a stable, confident temperament and to mitigate their natural wariness of strangers and potential for dog-dog aggression if not managed.

Key aspects of training a Shar-Pei include:

• Extensive Early Socialization: This cannot be overemphasized. Introduce them to many different people, sights, sounds, and well-behaved dogs in a controlled and positive manner from a very young age.
• Positive Reinforcement: They respond best to reward-based training. Harsh methods or physical corrections can lead to resistance or damage your bond.
• Firm, Fair, and Consistent Leadership: They need a confident owner who can establish clear rules and boundaries respectfully.
• Keep Sessions Engaging: Their intelligence means they can get bored; keep training sessions relatively short and varied.
• Respect Their Nature: Understand that they may never be as overtly obedient or effusively friendly as some other breeds.

Puppy classes and continued obedience training with a trainer experienced with independent or primitive breeds are highly recommended.