Chinook

The Chinook is a uniquely American breed with a history that begins in the early 20th century on the Wonalancet, New Hampshire farm of Arthur Treadwell Walden, an adventurer, author, and dog driver. Walden aimed to develop an American sled dog that possessed power, endurance, intelligence, and a gentle, biddable temperament, distinct from the existing Arctic breeds. The foundation sire of the breed was a large, tawny male named “Chinook,” born in 1917. His parentage included a Mastiff-type dog and a descendant of one of Admiral Peary’s Greenland Huskies, possibly with some influence from German Shepherds or Belgian Shepherds.

Chinook himself was a remarkable sled dog, known for his strength, intelligence, and gentle nature. He accompanied Walden on Byrd’s first Antarctic expedition in 1928-1930 but tragically disappeared on the expedition. Walden and later other breeders continued to develop the line based on Chinook’s descendants. For many years, the breed was extremely rare, nearly facing extinction. Dedicated efforts by the Chinook Owners Association and other enthusiasts helped to revive their numbers. The Chinook was recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC) in 1991 and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2013. In 2009, the Chinook was named the official State Dog of New Hampshire.

The Chinook is renowned for its calm, dignified, and exceptionally gentle temperament. They are known for being very affectionate and loyal to their families, often forming strong bonds with all members, including children, with whom they are typically patient and playful. While they possess the strength and endurance of a working sled dog, they are not usually hyperactive or overly demanding in the home, often content to relax with their people once their exercise needs are met. They are intelligent and eager to please, which aids in training.

Chinooks are generally friendly and sociable but can be somewhat reserved or dignified with strangers initially, though not typically shy or aggressive. They are alert and can be good watchdogs, using their voice to announce visitors. Early socialization is important to build their confidence and ensure they are well-adjusted in various situations. They usually get along well with other dogs, especially if raised with them, but like any breed, introductions should be handled carefully. Their combination of power and gentleness is a hallmark of the breed.

The Chinook has a thick, weather-resistant double coat. The outer coat is moderately long, straight, and somewhat coarse, while the undercoat is soft, dense, and downy, providing excellent insulation against cold weather. Their characteristic color is tawny, ranging from a pale honey or light gold to a deep reddish-gold, often with darker shading on the ears and muzzle, and sometimes a darker stripe down the back.

This substantial coat requires regular grooming to keep it healthy, clean, and to manage shedding. Chinooks are significant shedders, especially during their seasonal “coat blows” (typically twice a year), when they lose their undercoat in large amounts. Thorough brushing several times a week with a pin brush, slicker brush, and an undercoat rake is essential to remove loose dead hair and prevent tangles from forming into mats. Daily brushing will be necessary during heavy shedding periods. Baths should be given only as needed, as their coat has natural oils that provide weather resistance. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care are also important grooming tasks.

Chinooks are athletic dogs that require regular daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. While they are calmer indoors than some other sled dog breeds, they were bred for work and endurance and thrive when they have an outlet for their energy. Aim for at least an hour of activity per day, which should include more than just leisurely leash walks.

Good exercise options for a Chinook include:

• Long, brisk daily walks, hiking, or backpacking (they often enjoy carrying a pack).
• Jogging or running alongside a bicycle (once fully mature and conditioned).
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy interactive games with their family.
• Canine sports such as sledding (if climate permits), carting, skijoring, agility, obedience, or rally.
• Swimming, which many Chinooks enjoy if introduced to it positively.

Mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, and learning new tasks is also crucial to keep this intelligent breed from becoming bored. They are adaptable and can do well in various living situations, provided their exercise and companionship needs are met. They generally prefer cooler climates.

The Chinook is generally considered a relatively healthy breed, partly due to its history as a working dog and the dedicated efforts of breeders to maintain health and genetic diversity from a small foundation. However, like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A common concern in many medium to large breeds, involving malformation of the hip joint. Elbow dysplasia can also occur. OFA or PennHIP certification is important for breeding stock.
• Eye Conditions: Including cataracts and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA). Eye certification by a veterinary ophthalmologist is recommended.
• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV):** A risk for deep-chested breeds.
• Seizures (Epilepsy):** Has been noted in some lines.
• “Chinook Seizures”:** A specific, often benign, type of seizure-like episode that can occur, which breeders are working to understand better.
• Allergies:** Skin or food allergies can occasionally occur.