Curly-Coated Retriever

The Curly-Coated Retriever is widely considered to be one of the oldest, if not the oldest, of the retriever breeds, with a history in England dating back to the 16th century. Their development is thought to involve several now-extinct breeds, including the 16th-century English Water Spaniel, the St. John’s Newfoundland (an ancestor to modern retrievers), and later, crosses with Poodles to enhance the curl in their distinctive coat. They were developed by English gamekeepers who needed a hardy, intelligent, and versatile dog capable of retrieving game from both land and water, often in harsh weather and dense cover.

The Curly’s unique coat was prized for its ability to repel water and protect the dog from burrs and thorns. They were valued for their excellent noses, courage, and stamina. The breed was first exhibited in a dog show in 1860, and its appearance has remained relatively unchanged since, making it one of the most functionally authentic breeds. While never achieving the widespread popularity of Labradors or Golden Retrievers, the Curly has always maintained a dedicated following among hunters and enthusiasts who appreciate its unique looks, intelligence, and working ability. They were first registered with the American Kennel Club in 1924.

The Curly-Coated Retriever has a temperament that is somewhat different from other popular retriever breeds. They are highly intelligent, proud, and confident dogs. While deeply loyal and affectionate with their own families, they are often more reserved, discerning, and aloof with strangers. They are not typically shy but will assess a situation with a calm dignity before offering friendship. This makes them good watchdogs, as they are alert to their surroundings.

Curlies can be more independent and stubborn than other retrievers, a trait that requires a patient and confident owner. They mature slowly and can maintain a mischievous, playful streak well into adulthood. They are generally good with children in their own family but should be supervised due to their size and energy. Socialization from a young age is very important to ensure they are comfortable and well-mannered around new people and other dogs. They are sensitive dogs that form a strong bond and thrive on being part of the family.

The Curly-Coated Retriever’s signature feature is its coat—a dense mass of small, tight, crisp curls that lie close to the skin, covering the entire body from the back of the head to the tip of the tail. The hair on the face, forehead, and front of the legs is short and smooth. This unique coat is highly functional, providing excellent protection from water, cold, and rough underbrush.

Grooming is surprisingly low-maintenance compared to other long-haired breeds. **Regular brushing is generally discouraged**, as it will break up the curls and cause the coat to become fuzzy. Instead, most owners simply wet down the coat and let it air-dry to keep the curls intact. During shedding season (typically twice a year), a comb can be used to help remove the dead hair. Trimming may be done occasionally to neaten the ears, belly, and tail, but the coat should maintain a natural look. Baths are needed only when necessary. Their ears should be checked for moisture and cleaned if needed, especially after swimming, to prevent infections.

Curly-Coated Retrievers are energetic and athletic dogs that require regular, vigorous daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. They were bred for long days of demanding work and have considerable stamina. This is an active breed that needs an active owner and is not suited for a sedentary lifestyle.

Aim for at least an hour or more of robust activity per day. Excellent exercise options for a Curly include:

• Swimming, which is a natural and beloved activity for this breed.
• Long, brisk walks, jogging, or hiking.
• Retrieving games with balls or dummies, which channels their natural instincts.
• Off-leash play in a large, securely fenced area.
• Canine sports such as hunt tests, retrieving trials, dock diving, agility, or obedience, which provide both physical and mental challenges.

Without sufficient exercise and mental engagement, Curly-Coated Retrievers can become bored and may develop destructive behaviors. They thrive when they have a job to do and are working alongside their people.

The Curly-Coated Retriever is generally a healthy and hardy breed, but like all purebred dogs, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: A common concern in many sporting and large breeds, involving malformation of these joints.
• Eye Problems: Including Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), cataracts, and distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes). Eye certification is crucial for breeding stock.
• Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD IIIa): A rare but serious metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to store and use glucose. DNA testing is available and essential for breeding stock.
• Heart Conditions:** Such as subaortic stenosis.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV):** A life-threatening emergency common in deep-chested breeds.
• Cancer:** Various forms of cancer can occur.
• Epilepsy:** Seizure disorders have been noted in some lines.