Icelandic Sheepdog

The Icelandic Sheepdog is Iceland’s only native dog breed and has a history that stretches back to the very first Viking settlers who arrived on the island between 874 and 930 AD. These Nordic Spitz-type dogs accompanied the Vikings on their voyages and became essential for survival in the harsh, isolated Icelandic environment. For over a thousand years, these hardy dogs were indispensable to Icelandic farmers, primarily used for herding and driving sheep, cattle, and horses across the rugged volcanic terrain. They also served as vigilant watchdogs, alerting their families to visitors or anything unusual, and as cherished family companions.

Due to Iceland’s geographic isolation, the breed remained relatively pure for centuries, adapting perfectly to the local conditions and the demands of farm life. However, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the breed faced near extinction due to a combination of factors, including distemper outbreaks and changing agricultural practices. Dedicated efforts by Icelandic and later international enthusiasts in the mid-20th century worked to revive and preserve the Icelandic Sheepdog. While still relatively uncommon worldwide, they are a treasured national symbol in Iceland and are gaining appreciation for their unique history and charming temperament. The American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 2010.

The Icelandic Sheepdog is renowned for its cheerful, friendly, and outgoing temperament. They are typically very sociable dogs that greet people with enthusiasm and a wagging tail, often using their characteristic bark as a form of welcome rather than aggression. They are deeply affectionate with their families, forming strong bonds and thriving on human companionship and interaction. Icelandic Sheepdogs are intelligent, inquisitive, and playful, often retaining a youthful spirit throughout their lives. They are known for being particularly good with children, displaying patience and a gentle nature.

As natural herders and watchdogs, they are alert and aware of their surroundings, and will bark to announce visitors or any perceived changes in their environment. They are not typically aggressive but are confident and self-assured. Early socialization is important to build their confidence and ensure they are well-adjusted. Icelandic Sheepdogs are generally good with other dogs and pets, especially if raised with them. Their intelligence and eagerness to please make them responsive to positive training methods. They are sensitive dogs that do not do well if left alone for extended periods without mental stimulation and companionship.

The Icelandic Sheepdog has a thick, weather-resistant double coat that comes in two lengths: short-haired and long-haired. Both types have a coarse outer coat and a soft, dense undercoat that provides excellent insulation against cold and wet weather. Their coat can come in various colors, predominantly shades of tan, brown, grey, or black, always accompanied by white markings which should not be the dominant color.

This substantial coat requires regular grooming to keep it healthy, clean, and to manage shedding. Icelandic Sheepdogs are significant shedders, especially during their seasonal “coat blows” (typically twice a year). Thorough brushing once or twice a week with a pin brush, slicker brush, and an undercoat rake is essential to remove loose dead hair and prevent tangles and mats from forming, especially in the longer-coated variety. Daily brushing will be necessary during heavy shedding periods. Their coat is somewhat dirt-repellent, so baths are needed only occasionally. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning (their erect or semi-erect ears generally stay clean but should be checked), and dental care are also important grooming tasks.

Icelandic Sheepdogs are energetic and agile dogs that require moderate to high levels of daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. They were bred for active herding work in challenging terrain and retain a good deal of stamina and a love for activity. They are not suited for a consistently sedentary lifestyle.

Aim for at least an hour of varied activity per day. Good exercise options for an Icelandic Sheepdog include:

• Daily brisk walks, jogging (once fully mature), or hiking. They particularly enjoy exploring natural environments.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy games like fetch, chasing toys, or simply romping with their family.
• Canine sports: Their intelligence and agility make them excel in activities like herding trials (they retain strong instincts), agility, obedience, rally, or flyball.
• Interactive puzzle toys and learning new tricks to keep their sharp minds engaged.

Without a sufficient outlet for their energy and intelligence, Icelandic Sheepdogs can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as excessive barking or destructiveness. They thrive in active homes where they can be involved in family activities.

The Icelandic Sheepdog is generally considered a very hardy and healthy breed, having developed with a degree of natural selection in its isolated homeland. However, like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns, though not highly prevalent, include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint. Elbow dysplasia can also occur. Screening of breeding stock is important.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap.
• Eye Conditions: Including distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes) and occasionally cataracts. Eye certification by a veterinary ophthalmologist is recommended for breeding dogs.
• Cryptorchidism:** When one or both testicles do not descend.