Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is an ancient breed with a history in Ireland that is believed to stretch back many centuries, possibly even to the Middle Ages or earlier. While their exact origins are somewhat obscure, it’s thought they may have descended from various European water dogs, Poodle-type dogs, and possibly Barbets or Portuguese Water Dogs brought to Ireland by traders or fishermen. They were developed in Ireland as rugged, all-weather water retrievers, perfectly adapted to the bogs, marshes, and cold waters of their homeland.

These unique spaniels were highly prized by Irish sportsmen for their exceptional swimming ability, keen noses, and tenacity in retrieving waterfowl and other game. Their dense, oily, curly coat provided excellent insulation and water resistance, while their distinctive smooth “rat tail” acted as a rudder in the water. The modern Irish Water Spaniel type was largely standardized in the mid-19th century, with a dog named “Boatswain,” owned by Justin McCarthy of Dublin, considered a key foundation sire. The breed was first exhibited in dog shows in the 1860s and quickly gained recognition. The American Kennel Club recognized the Irish Water Spaniel in 1884, making it one of the earliest recognized spaniel breeds. Today, they are valued as versatile gundogs and unique, intelligent companions.

The Irish Water Spaniel is known for its playful, intelligent, and inquisitive temperament. They possess a good deal of energy and enthusiasm, often displaying a clownish and entertaining personality that endears them to their families. IWS are typically very loyal and affectionate with their own people, forming strong bonds, though they can sometimes be more reserved or wary with strangers until they get to know them, making them good watchdogs. They are courageous and confident dogs, not usually prone to shyness.

Their intelligence means they learn quickly, but they can also have an independent or mischievous streak, requiring patient and consistent training. They are eager to please when properly motivated. Early and consistent socialization is important to ensure they are well-adjusted around various people and situations. Irish Water Spaniels are generally good with children they have been raised with, often being playful and tolerant companions. They can also get along with other dogs and pets if introduced properly, though their retrieving instincts might lead them to “retrieve” smaller animals if not managed.

The Irish Water Spaniel’s most distinctive feature is its dense, tight, crisp curls that cover most of its body, with a characteristic topknot of long, loose curls and a smooth face and “rat tail” (smooth at the base, tapering to a fine point, and covered with short, straight hairs). Their coat is a rich liver or dark reddish-brown color and is naturally oily to provide water resistance.

This unique coat is considered low-shedding but requires regular and diligent grooming to prevent tangles and mats from forming, which can happen easily in their tight curls. Thorough brushing and combing down to the skin are necessary at least two to three times a week. A slicker brush, pin brush, and a sturdy metal comb are useful tools. Occasional professional grooming or trimming may be needed to maintain a neat appearance, particularly if the dog is not regularly working in water (which can help keep the coat clean). Their ears should be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent infections, especially after swimming. Routine nail trims and dental care are also crucial.

Irish Water Spaniels are energetic and athletic dogs that require a significant amount of daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. They were bred for active work in and around water and possess considerable stamina. This is not a breed suited for a sedentary lifestyle.

Aim for at least an hour or more of vigorous activity per day. True to their name, most Irish Water Spaniels absolutely love swimming, and it’s an excellent form of exercise for them. Other good exercise options include:

• Long, brisk daily walks, jogging, or hiking.
• Retrieving games with balls or water toys, which cater to their natural instincts.
• Off-leash play in a large, securely fenced area.
• Canine sports such as hunt tests, retrieving trials, dock diving (they often excel), agility, or obedience.

Without a sufficient outlet for their energy and intelligence, Irish Water Spaniels can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as destructiveness or excessive barking. They thrive in active homes where they can participate in outdoor activities with their families, especially those involving water.

Irish Water Spaniels are generally a healthy and robust breed, but like all purebred dogs, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint, common in many medium to large breeds. Elbow dysplasia can also occur.
• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland.
• Eye Conditions: Including cataracts, entropion (inward rolling eyelids), and distichiasis (ingrown eyelashes). Eye certification is important for breeding stock.
• Allergies:** Skin or food allergies can sometimes be an issue.
• Ear Infections (Otitis Externa):** Very common due to their pendulous, hairy ears trapping moisture, especially if they swim frequently. Diligent, regular ear cleaning is essential.
• Follicular Dysplasia:** A skin condition affecting hair follicles.