Lhasa Apso

The Lhasa Apso is an ancient breed with a history in Tibet that stretches back for thousands of years. They were developed within the isolated monasteries and palaces of the Himalayas, particularly in the sacred city of Lhasa. Their primary role was not that of a simple lapdog, but as an indoor sentinel. With their keen hearing and sharp, assertive bark, they would alert the monks and nobles to any intruders who might have gotten past the larger outdoor guardian dogs, such as the Tibetan Mastiffs. The Lhasa Apso’s name reflects this heritage: “Lhasa” is the capital city of Tibet, and “Apso” is a Tibetan word that translates to “bearded” or “goat-like,” referring to their long, heavy coat.

These dogs were highly prized and were never sold; they were only given as gifts, often by the Dalai Lamas, as a sign of great favor and to bring good fortune. It was believed that when a Lhasa’s owner died, the owner’s soul would enter the body of their dog. The breed remained almost exclusively in Tibet for centuries. The first Lhasas to enter the Western world were gifts from the 13th Dalai Lama to C. Suydam Cutting, an American naturalist and traveler, in 1933. These dogs formed the foundation of the breed in the United States. The American Kennel Club recognized the Lhasa Apso in 1935.

The Lhasa Apso possesses a unique temperament that is a blend of confident independence, playful charm, and dignified aloofness. They are intelligent dogs, but their history as indoor sentinels bred to make their own judgments means they are not always quick to obey. They can be stubborn and often have a “what’s in it for me?” attitude towards training. With their own families, Lhasas are loyal, affectionate, and can be very playful and comical, often retaining a puppy-like demeanor well into adulthood.

True to their watchdog origins, they are naturally wary and suspicious of strangers and will not hesitate to use their loud, sharp bark to announce their presence. They are not typically aggressive but take their role as family protector seriously. Early and consistent socialization is crucial to ensure they are well-adjusted and do not become overly suspicious or timid. Lhasas are assertive and confident, often acting like a much larger dog. They are not classic lapdogs seeking constant cuddles but prefer to be near their people on their own terms. They can be good with other pets if raised with them, but may be bossy.

The Lhasa Apso’s most distinctive feature is its long, heavy, straight double coat that often reaches the floor. The outer coat is hard, while the undercoat is softer. This luxurious coat, which parts down the back, requires significant and dedicated daily grooming to prevent painful tangles and mats from forming.

Daily brushing and combing down to the skin are essential, especially for a Lhasa in full show coat. A pin brush, slicker brush, and a sturdy metal comb are necessary tools. Pay particular attention to areas prone to matting, such as behind the ears, under the legs, and the belly. Many pet owners opt for a shorter “puppy cut” or other pet trims for easier maintenance, which will still require regular brushing and professional grooming every 4-8 weeks. The hair around their eyes should be kept clean to prevent irritation and staining, and the beard and mustache may need cleaning after meals. Regular baths, nail trims, and diligent dental care are also vital.

Lhasa Apsos have moderate exercise needs. They are sturdy little dogs that enjoy activity but do not require extensive, strenuous workouts. Their short legs and long coat can make them tire more quickly than some other breeds. Daily walks and regular indoor or outdoor play sessions are usually sufficient to keep them happy and healthy.

They enjoy leisurely but brisk daily walks on a leash. Playtime in a securely fenced yard is also beneficial, as they enjoy exploring and can be surprisingly quick. Interactive games like fetch with small toys or puzzle toys can provide good mental stimulation. They are adaptable and well-suited for apartment living as long as their daily exercise and companionship needs are met. Due to their brachycephalic (shorter-muzzled) features and heavy coat, care should be taken not to over-exercise them in hot or humid weather.

Lhasa Apsos are generally a hardy and long-lived breed, but like all purebred dogs, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock. Potential health concerns include:

• Eye Problems: A significant concern in the breed, including Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), cherry eye, and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), commonly known as dry eye. Their prominent eyes can also be prone to injury.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in small breeds.
• Skin Allergies (Atopy):** Can cause itching and discomfort.
• Sebaceous Adenitis:** An inflammatory skin disease.
• Kidney Problems:** Including renal dysplasia or interstitial nephritis.
• Dental Issues:** Common in small breeds due to overcrowding of teeth.
• Brachycephalic Issues: Their shorter muzzles can cause some sensitivity to heat and anesthesia.