Norfolk Terrier

The Norfolk Terrier, along with its close cousin the Norwich Terrier, originated in East Anglia, England, particularly in the county of Norfolk, during the 19th century. These small, hardy terriers were developed by farmers and sportsmen who needed a courageous and tenacious dog to control vermin populations, such as rats in barns and stables, and to bolt foxes from their dens so the hunt could continue. Their ancestry likely includes various small working terriers of the region, possibly with some input from Irish Terriers or Border Terriers.

For many years, the Norfolk Terrier and the Norwich Terrier were considered one breed, often referred to as “Cantab Terriers” or “Trumpington Terriers,” with the main distinguishing feature being their ear carriage (Norfolks have drop ears, Norwichs have prick ears). They were prized for their gameness, portability, and weatherproof coats. In 1964, The Kennel Club (UK) officially separated them into two distinct breeds, recognizing the drop-eared variety as the Norfolk Terrier and the prick-eared variety as the Norwich Terrier. The American Kennel Club followed suit, recognizing the Norfolk Terrier as a separate breed in 1979. They remain valued for their spirited terrier character and charming companionship.

The Norfolk Terrier embodies the quintessential terrier spirit in a compact package. They are fearless, alert, and confident, often described as having a “big dog in a small body” attitude. Norfolks are intelligent, curious, and always ready for an adventure or a bit of fun. Despite their tough working heritage, they are typically very affectionate and loyal with their families, forming strong bonds and enjoying human companionship. They are known for their generally happy and outgoing disposition.

True to their terrier nature, they can be independent, sometimes stubborn, and possess a strong prey drive, with an instinct to dig and chase small animals. Norfolks are excellent watchdogs and will readily bark to announce visitors or anything they deem noteworthy. Early and consistent socialization is important to ensure they are well-mannered, especially around other dogs, as terriers can sometimes be feisty if not properly introduced. They are generally good with children who are taught to be respectful but should always be supervised due to their small size and spirited nature.

The Norfolk Terrier has a hard, wiry, straight double coat that is weather-resistant and designed to protect them from rough terrain and inclement weather. The outer coat is harsh, while the undercoat is soft and dense. Their coat comes in shades of red, wheaten, black and tan, or grizzle.

Grooming needs are moderate. Regular weekly brushing with a slicker brush or pin brush, along with a comb, will help remove loose dead hair, prevent tangles from forming, and keep the coat healthy. Norfolk Terriers are considered low-shedding dogs. To maintain the correct harsh, wiry texture of the coat, hand-stripping (a process of plucking the dead outer hairs) is typically done two to three times a year, especially for show dogs. Many pet owners opt for professional clipping every few months for easier maintenance, though this will soften the coat’s texture over time. The hair around their face may need occasional tidying. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning (as their drop ears can trap some moisture), and dental care are also essential grooming tasks.

Norfolk Terriers are active and alert little dogs that require moderate daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally stimulated. Despite their small size, they have the stamina and energy of a working terrier. They are not couch potatoes and thrive on activity and engagement with their owners.

Aim for at least one or two good walks per day, along with opportunities for more vigorous playtime. Good exercise options include:

• Brisk daily walks on a leash. They enjoy exploring their surroundings and sniffing.
• Playtime in a very securely fenced yard. Norfolks have a strong prey drive and an instinct to dig, so the yard must be escape-proof.
• Interactive games like fetch with a small, sturdy toy or puzzle toys to engage their intelligent minds.
• Canine sports such as Earthdog trials (which cater to their natural instincts), agility (on a smaller scale), or barn hunt.

Without a proper outlet for their energy, Norfolk Terriers can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors such as excessive digging, barking, or destructiveness.

Norfolk Terriers are generally a hardy and long-lived breed, but like all purebred dogs, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap, common in small breeds.
• Mitral Valve Disease (MVD):** A common heart condition affecting many small breeds as they age.
• Eye Conditions: Such as cataracts and glaucoma. Eye certification is important for breeding stock.
• Hip Dysplasia:** Though less common in small breeds, it can occur.
• Allergies:** Skin allergies can sometimes be an issue.
• Dental Issues:** Like many small breeds, they can be prone to tartar buildup and gum disease if dental hygiene is neglected.