Old English Sheepdog

The Old English Sheepdog, affectionately known as the OES or “Bobtail,” originated in the western counties of England, likely in the early 19th century, though its exact ancestry is somewhat debated. It is believed to have been developed from various British herding and flock-guarding dogs, possibly including the Bearded Collie and Russian Owtchar (a large Russian sheepdog). These dogs were primarily used by farmers as drover’s dogs, tasked with driving sheep and cattle from the countryside to market. Their shaggy, weather-resistant coats provided protection from the elements, and their sturdy build gave them the stamina for long journeys.

The tradition of docking their tails (hence the nickname “Bobtail”) was historically done to identify them as working drover’s dogs, which exempted their owners from certain taxes. The Old English Sheepdog’s distinctive appearance and amiable temperament eventually caught the attention of dog fanciers. They began appearing in dog shows in England in the latter half of the 19th century. The breed was imported to the United States in the late 1880s and was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1888. While still capable working dogs, OES are predominantly cherished as unique and loving family companions today.

The Old English Sheepdog is known for its adaptable, gentle, and playful temperament. They are intelligent dogs with a charming, often clownish, personality that endears them to their families. OES are typically very affectionate and form strong bonds with their people, enjoying being involved in household activities. They are generally good-natured and patient, making them excellent family companions, often being particularly good with children. Their herding heritage means they can be protective of their family, acting as good watchdogs by barking to alert to anything unusual, but they are not typically aggressive.

While intelligent and capable of learning, OES can also possess an independent streak and may sometimes be a bit stubborn. They respond best to positive reinforcement training methods and a handler who is patient and consistent. Early socialization is important to ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults, comfortable with various people and situations. They are generally sociable with other dogs and pets if raised with them. An OES thrives on companionship and does not do well if left alone for extended periods.

The Old English Sheepdog’s most distinctive feature is its profuse, shaggy double coat. The outer coat is harsh and textured, while the undercoat is soft and dense, providing excellent insulation. This magnificent coat, however, requires significant and regular grooming to prevent severe matting, which can be painful and lead to skin problems.

Thorough brushing and combing down to the skin are essential at least two to three times a week, and for many, daily brushing is a reality to keep mats at bay. A pin brush, slicker brush, undercoat rake, and a sturdy comb are necessary tools. Pay particular attention to areas prone to matting, such as behind the ears, under the legs, and the belly. OES are heavy shedders, especially during seasonal coat blows. Some owners opt for professional grooming or learn to give their OES a shorter “puppy cut” for easier maintenance, though this alters their characteristic shaggy look. The hair around their eyes should be kept tidy to allow clear vision, and their beard may need regular cleaning. Routine nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care are also vital.

Old English Sheepdogs have moderate to high exercise needs. They are surprisingly agile and enjoy activity, though they are not typically high-strung endurance athletes. Daily walks, coupled with opportunities for playtime, are important to keep them physically fit and mentally stimulated. They possess a characteristic ambling, bear-like gait.

Good exercise options for an OES include:

• One or two moderate daily walks or more energetic romps.
• Playtime in a securely fenced yard. They enjoy games like fetch or simply bouncing around with their family.
• Canine sports such as herding trials (they retain their instincts), agility, obedience, or rally.
• Hiking in cooler weather (their thick coats make them prone to overheating).

Mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, and interactive games is also important for this intelligent breed. Without sufficient exercise and engagement, OES can become bored, which may lead to undesirable behaviors. They are adaptable and can do well in various living situations if their exercise needs are met.

Old English Sheepdogs are generally a hardy breed, but like all breeds, they can be susceptible to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Potential health concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A common concern in large breeds, involving malformation of the hip joint. Elbow dysplasia can also occur.
• Eye Conditions: Including Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and cataracts. Eye certification is important for breeding stock.
• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland.
• Deafness: Congenital deafness can occur. BAER testing can identify this in puppies.
• Cerebellar Ataxia:** A neurological condition affecting coordination.
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) and Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMT):** Autoimmune blood disorders.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV):** A risk for deep-chested breeds.
• Drug Sensitivities (MDR1 gene mutation):** Similar to Collies, some OES may be sensitive to certain drugs.