Pomeranian

The Pomeranian, affectionately known as the “Pom,” is a small Spitz-type dog named after the Pomerania region in Central Europe (now part of Germany and Poland). Surprisingly, their ancestors were much larger Arctic sled dogs. These larger Spitz dogs were gradually bred down in size, particularly in Pomerania, to become the compact companion breed we know today.

Pomeranians gained significant popularity in England after Queen Victoria became enamored with a small, red Pomeranian named Marco during a visit to Florence, Italy, in 1888. She brought Poms back to England and began breeding them, favoring the smaller size. Her influence greatly contributed to the breed’s miniaturization and rise in popularity as fashionable lapdogs. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the Pomeranian in 1888, though the breed standard was officially approved in 1900.

Pomeranians are known for their lively, bold, and inquisitive personalities. They are typically extroverted, intelligent, and possess a “big dog” attitude in a small body. Poms are generally alert and curious about their surroundings, making them excellent little watchdogs who will readily bark to announce visitors or anything unusual. They are playful and enjoy being the center of attention, often forming strong bonds with their families.

While they are affectionate, they can also have an independent streak. Early socialization is important to ensure they are well-adjusted around new people, other animals, and different situations. Poms are intelligent and can learn quickly, but they can also be a bit willful, requiring patient and consistent training using positive reinforcement methods. They thrive on companionship and enjoy being involved in family activities.

The Pomeranian’s most striking feature is its profuse double coat, which consists of a short, dense undercoat and a longer, harsher outer coat that stands off from the body, giving them their characteristic fluffy appearance. This beautiful coat requires regular and thorough grooming to prevent matting and keep it healthy.

Daily or at least several times a week brushing is recommended, using a pin brush and a slicker brush, ensuring you reach down to the skin to prevent the undercoat from matting. Pay special attention to areas like behind the ears, under the legs, and the ruff around the neck. Pomeranians shed moderately, with heavier seasonal sheds. Bathing can be done every few weeks or as needed. Regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care (as small breeds are prone to dental issues) are also essential parts of their grooming routine. Many owners opt for professional grooming periodically.

Pomeranians are active little dogs with a surprising amount of energy for their size. They enjoy short, brisk walks daily and opportunities for indoor or outdoor playtime in a securely fenced area. While they are lively, they do not require extensive exercise like larger, more athletic breeds.

A couple of short walks and some interactive play sessions are usually sufficient to meet their physical needs. They enjoy learning tricks, playing with small toys, and can even do well in canine sports like agility (scaled for toy breeds) or rally obedience. Mental stimulation is important to prevent boredom. Due to their small size, it’s crucial to protect them from rough play with larger dogs or accidental injury.

Pomeranians are generally a healthy breed, but like all breeds, especially toy breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues. Some common health concerns include:

• Patellar Luxation: Dislocated kneecaps, common in small dogs.
• Tracheal Collapse: A condition where the windpipe weakens and collapses, causing coughing. Using a harness instead of a collar is often recommended.
• Dental Problems: Prone to early tooth loss, gum disease, and overcrowding of teeth. Diligent dental care is crucial.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar, especially in very young or tiny Poms.
• Alopecia X (Black Skin Disease): A condition causing hair loss.
• Eye Problems: Including cataracts and tear duct issues.
• Heart Problems: Such as Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA).

Choosing a reputable breeder, regular veterinary check-ups, excellent dental hygiene, careful handling, and maintaining a healthy weight are important for a Pomeranian’s health and longevity.

Pomeranians are intelligent and can learn quickly, but they also have a classic Spitz-type independence and can sometimes be a bit stubborn or sassy. They respond best to positive reinforcement training methods that are fun, rewarding (they often love small, tasty treats!), and consistent. Harsh training methods will be ineffective and can make them wary or more defiant.

Early socialization and puppy training classes are very important to help them develop good manners and become well-adjusted around other people, dogs, and new situations. Key training areas include:

• House Training: Can sometimes be challenging for toy breeds; consistency, patience, and a regular potty schedule are key.
• Basic Obedience: Commands like sit, stay, come, and down.
• Leash Training: Important for safe walks.
• Managing Barking: They can be prone to barking, so training a “quiet” command is beneficial.

Keep training sessions short and engaging to hold their attention. Despite their sometimes “big dog in a small body” attitude, they are often eager to please their loved ones. Consistency is crucial to overcome their occasional willfulness.